肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦产量和品质的影响

Effect of Fertilizer Application Methods on Yield and Quality of Barley for Different Purposes

为研究肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦品种产量和品质的影响,以啤用大麦品种扬农啤7号和饲食兼用大麦品种扬饲麦3号为材料,分析4种肥料运筹方式对大麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,在中等偏上肥力的土壤上,扬农啤7号优质高产施肥方式为基施尿素150kg·hm^(-2)+复合肥375kg·hm^(-2),苗肥施尿素75kg·hm^(-2),拔节肥施尿素75kg·hm^(-2)+复合肥225kg·hm^(-2),其产量水平在7500kg·hm^(-2)左右;主要啤酒麦芽品质接近国标二级,可适当减少氮肥用量及提前施用拔节肥改善扬农啤7号籽粒的麦芽品质。无论哪种肥料运筹方式,扬饲麦3号的麦芽品质指标均达不到国家二级麦芽标准,该品种不适宜作为啤酒大麦原料种植,宜作优质高产饲食大麦种植,其较佳肥料运筹方式为基施尿素75 kg·hm^(-2)+复合肥750kg·hm^(-2),拔节肥施尿素112.5kg·hm^(-2)+复合肥375kg·hm^(-2),其产量水平在8000kg·hm^(-2)左右,籽粒蛋白质含量在14.0%左右。

To study the effects of fertilizer application methods on the yield and quality of barley varieties for different purposes,a malting barley Yangnongpi 7 and a forage barley Yangsimai 3 was used as materials to analyze the differences in the grain yield,grain protein content and malt quality under four fertilizer application treatments. The results showed that the high-quality and high-yield fertilization method for Yangnongpi 7 was planted in the soil with upper medium fertility: basal urea 150 kg·hm^(-2) and compound fertilizer 375 kg·hm^(-2),seedling fertilizer urea 75 kg·hm^(-2),jointing fertilizer urea 75 kg·hm^(-2) and compound fertilizer 225 kg·hm^(-2);the yield was 7 500 kg·hm^(-2),and the quality of main beer malt was close to the second grade of national standard. The malt quality of Yangnongpi 7 grain can be improved by appropriately reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and applying jointing fertilizer in advance. Regardless of the type of fertilizer application method,the malt quality index of Yangsimai 3 did not meet the second grade of national standard,indicating that Yangsimai 3 is not suitable for planting as raw material of malting barley but is suitable as high-quality and high-yield forage barley. The better fertilizer application methods are: basal urea 75 kg·hm^(-2) and compound fertilizer 750 kg·hm^(-2),jointing fertilizer urea 112.5 kg·hm^(-2) and compound fertilizer 375 kg·hm^(-2);the yield was 8 000 kg·hm^(-2),and its grain protein content was about 14.0%.