日本站城一体开发演变及经验——以东京都市圈为例

Evolution and Experience of Integrated Station-City Development in Japan: Case Study of Tokyo Megalopolis

站城一体开发是日本进行紧凑高效的城市开发建设和铁路公司实现土地经济、社会价值的重要手段,能够有效带动车站周边区域均衡发展、创造更多就业机会。首先梳理日本轨道交通枢纽站由单一车站建筑发展到复合的站城一体开发模式近百年的历史演化过程。日本站城一体开发模式能够得到广泛推行,深入贯彻于轨道交通投资、规划、设计、建设、运营等各个环节,与法律法规适时修订、土地分阶段开发机制、沿线区域吸引大学校区入驻等市场化手段密不可分。围绕东京都市圈站城一体开发的经典案例,阐述了站城一体开发的3种类型和布局模式。最后,指出站城一体开发的最新动向,即建立步行网络、灵活设置站前广场、站城功能一体化。

Integrated station-city development in Japan serves as a critical method for compact and efficient urban construction and for railway companies to achieve economic and social value of land. Such integrated development can effectively drive a balanced evolution in the surrounding areas of stations and create jobs. This paper first reviews the historical evolution of rail transit hub stations in Japan in the past century, highlighting the transition from single-station buildings to complex integrated stationcity development. The promotion of integrated station-city development in Japan involves a range of rail transit components such as investment, planning, design, construction, and operation, which are attributed to timely amendment of laws and regulations, staged land use development mechanism, university campuses located in areas along the lines, and other market-based approaches. With a focus on typical cases of integrated station-city development in Tokyo Megalopolis, the paper summarizes three types and layout modes of station-city development. Finally, the paper presents the latest station-city development pattern in terms of establishing pedestrian network, setting up station square, and integrating the functions of stations and cities.