GWAS在园艺作物非生物胁迫中的研究进展

Genome-wide Association Studies in Horticultural Crops Responding to Abiotic Stresses

园艺作物在栽培过程中广受高温、低温、淹涝、高盐等非生物胁迫,不仅严重影响其生长发育,降低其产量,还限制其适应性及种植范围。挖掘非生物胁迫抗性基因并解析其响应胁迫的分子机制是创新种质和选育高抗品种的基础。全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study)为近年来逐渐发展起来的一种研究遗传变异和表型间关联性的方法,是解析复杂性状遗传基础的有效策略。迄今,国内外学者运用GWAS鉴定到了多个与园艺作物非生物胁迫抗性显著关联的遗传点位和功能基因,为重要农艺性状分子机制的研究提供了新思路,也为推动园艺作物由传统育种向高效、定向分子设计育种转变奠定了重要基础。本研究着重介绍GWAS的基本原理、定位优势、算法特征、模型方法及影响因素,系统性梳理了GWAS在番茄、黄瓜等园艺作物耐高温、低温、干旱、淹涝、高盐胁迫基因鉴定研究中取得的新进展,并对今后运用GWAS精准挖掘关键基因的发展方向进行了展望。

Horticultural crops are widely subjected to abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures,waterlogging and high salinity,which not only affect their growth and development,yield,but also limit their adaptability and geographic distribution.Mapping the underlying genes and studying their molecular roles in abiotic stresses will facilitate the development of resistant cultivars.Over the past decade,genome-wide association study(GWAS)have evolved into a powerful tool to study the genetic architecture of complex and quantitative traits,and many genetic loci/genes have been identified,which provide new insights for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of horticultural crops to abiotic stresses and new clues for molecular design breeding.Here we outline the principle,characteristics and influencing factors of GWAS,and present the recent advances in the area of abiotic stresses tolerance in horticultural crops including tomato and cucumber,the possible breakthroughs of GWAS in the further are also discussed.