谁之教诲,何种方式?——对孔子及《论语》的一种哲学解释

Confucius’s Methods of Teaching:A Philosophical Interpretation of Confucius and the Analects

施特劳斯通过揭示隐藏在西方古典政治哲学传统中显白教诲与隐微教诲的写作方式问题,展开了对古典哲人及其哲学的双重理解和深入阐释,并将此视为理解古典哲人和阅读古典哲学的重要原则。参考并借鉴其隐显二重说的解经原则来理解孔子与《论语》,在于提供一种比较视域下的观照与反思,重新审视在中国的学术传统下,何以只有一种显白教诲的孔子及其学说,在后世被不断而又不可避免地以隐微教诲的方式予以解读和阐释。同时指出,只有回归到作为古代哲人安身立命与济世化民的生活方式那里,并将孔子弟子纳入与孔子一致的文化传统的视野,才能获知孔子本人做出的真实教诲及其意图,并以此真正理解作为哲人的孔子及有双重教诲性质的《论语》。

By revealing the issues on exoteric teaching and esoteric teaching as two writing methods hidden in the tradition of Western classical political philosophy,Leo Strauss develops a dual understanding and a deep interpretation of classical philosophers and their philosophy,and regards it as an important principle for understanding classical philosophers and reading classical philosophy.To understand Confucius and the Analects by referring to the exoteric&esoteric theory as Strauss’s principle of interpreting classics is to provide a kind of observation and reflection from a comparative perspective,which is to re-examine why in the academic tradition of China there are only exoteric teachings in Confucius’s doctrines that have been constantly and inevitably read and interpreted in the way of esoteric teachings in later generations.It is also pointed out that only by returning to the way of life the ancient philosophers settled down and got on with their pursuit and bringing the disciples of Confucius into the vision of the cultural tradition consistent with Confucius,can we know the true teachings of Confucius himself and his intentions and can we truly understand Confucius as a philosopher and the Analects where two kinds of teachings with different natures are included.