庆阳市公众突发公共事件应急能力及影响因素分析

Analysis of public emergency response capacity and influencing factors among residents in Qingyang City

目的了解庆阳市公众突发公共事件应急知识及技能掌握情况,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法根据庆阳市地域及人群分布特征,整群随机抽取6个社区的1200人进行现场问卷调查。调查内容包括基本情况、灾情应对、传染病应对和其他突发事件应对4部分,采用Kruskal-Wallis H非参数检验和二元logistic回归法进行统计学分析。结果庆阳市参与调查的1097名有效人群中,经历过灾害事件的834人,占76.08%;进行过逃生演练的89人,占8.18%;与家人经常讨论灾害应对的142人,占12.94%。公众突发公共事件应对知识知晓率由高至低依次为灾情应对(80.62%)、传染病应对(78.24%)和其他突发事件应对(61.00%)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,公众应急能力的主要影响因素为性别、文化程度、职业和有无灾害经历(均P<0.05)。网络和电视为庆阳市公众获取应急知识的主要途径,分别占88.52%和80.36%。结论庆阳市公众突发公共事件应急水平一般,知识获取途径有限,不同群体对不同类型突发事件的应急知识及技能掌握存在差异。围绕影响公众应急能力的主要因素,利用多种渠道对重点人群和重点突发事件开展有针对性的宣传教育,对于提升公众整体应急素养具有积极意义。

Objective To understand the knowledge and skills of public emergency response among residents in Qingyang City,provide evidence for developing intervention measures.Methods According to the geographical and population distribution characteristics in Qingyang City,1200 people from six communities were randomly selected for on-site questionnaire survey.The investigation included four parts of basic information,disaster response,infectious disease response and other emergency response.Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric test and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results Among 1097 people surveyed in Qingyang City,834 had experienced a disaster,accounting for 76.08%,89 had conducted an escape drill,accounting for 8.18%,and 142 often discusses disaster response with their families,accounting for 12.94%.The awareness rates of public emergency response knowledge from high to low were disaster response(80.62%),infectious disease response(78.24%),and other emergency response(61.00%).The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of public emergency response were gender,education,occupation and disaster experience(all P<0.05).Internet and television were the main ways the public to obtain emergency knowledge in Qingyang City,accounting for 88.52%and 80.36%respectively.Conclusions The level of public emergency response in Qingyang is general,the access to knowledge is limited,and there are differences in grasping the emergency knowledge and skills among different groups.Focusing on the main factors that affect the public emergency response ability,it is of positive significance to make use of various channels to carry out targeted publicity and education for key groups and key emergencies.