施肥对番红花生长、品质和产量影响效应的研究

The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth,quality and yield of Crocus sativus L.

为获得番红花种球大田规模化生产的最佳施肥方案,以番红花鳞茎为试验材料,设置7个施肥处理,探讨施肥对番红花种球生长动态、仔球品质和仔球产量的影响效应。结果表明:在根系生成前,母球是仔球生长的“营养源”,根系生成后逐渐替代母球为仔球输送营养;返青期氮显著促进仔球增重,增强光合作用和蛋白合成,磷和微量元素促进可溶性糖和淀粉积累;快速生长期和成熟期羊粪表现出最佳的供肥能力,对磷、钾需求量也较大。建议生产中以羊粪为基肥,返青期追施氮肥,快速生长期和成熟期追施磷肥和钾肥,追肥中适当添加微肥。

In order to obtain the best fertilization scheme for the large-scale production of Crocus sativus L.bulbs,Crocus sativus L.bulbs were used as materials and 7 fertilization treatments were conducted to investigate the effects of fertilization on the growth dynamics,quality and yield of new-born bulbs.The result showed that the cue ball was the“nutrient source”of the new-born bulbs,and gradually replaced by root system to transport nutrients.At returning green stage,nitrogen significantly promoted the weight,enhanced photosynthesis and protein synthesis of new-born bulbs,phosphorus and microelement fertilizers improved soluble sugar and starch accumulation.Sheep manure showed the best ability for nutrient supply in the periods of rapid growth and maturity,and the demand of phosphorus and potassium were also higher.It is recommended that sheep manure can be used as base fertilizer,nitrogen should be applied by top-dressing during returning green stage,and phosphorus and potassium can be applied in the period of rapid growth and maturity,and micro-fertilizer can be appropriately added in the top-dressing process.