浅析敦煌无明代开凿石窟及绘塑遗存的原因

On the Reasons Why there are no Remains of Caves,Statues,or Paintings from the Ming Dynasty at Dunhuang

敦煌从明朝取得河西到清康熙经略西域复建敦煌340余年间,主要处于明朝置卫间接管控时期(1372—1516)和吐鲁番政权统治的“后明时代”(1516—1715)。明控关西七卫时期,特殊卫所治下敦煌石窟还略见礼佛朝拜活动,吐鲁番统治时期因人口迁徙和宗教信仰的改变,敦煌石窟未见任何营建活动,形成了敦煌莫高窟较长时间无营建的空窗期,也结束了千年莫高窟营造开窟的历史,本文通过对明代敦煌地区政治、经济及宗教信仰情况的梳理,讨论莫高窟没有明代开凿石窟绘塑遗存的原因。

Between the time when Dunhuang captured the Hexi regions from the Ming Dynasty to the time when Emperor Kangxi of the Qing dynasty managed the Western Regions and rebuilt Dunhuang,there was a span of more than 340 years when Dunhuang was either under the indirect control of the Ming dynasty wei(Ming military garrisons,seven of which were established west of the Jiayuguan Pass between1372and 1516)and direct control of the Turpan regime(1516-1715),also known as the"post-Ming dynasty."When under the control of the military garrisons,some pilgrims still came to visit Dunhuang caves,but when ruled by the Turfan regime,Dunhuang saw no cave construction due to population migration and changes in religious belief.This long break in cave building effectively put an end to over a thousand years of cave construction at Mogao.This paper discusses the reasons why there are no remains of Ming dynasty caves,statues,and paintings at Mogaoby examining the political,economic,and religious conditions in Dunhuang during the Ming dynasty.