藜麦秸秆和燕麦草混合制粒前后营养成分及颗粒成型参数研究

Study on The Nutrient Composition and Particle Forming Parameters of Quinoa Straw and Oatgrass before and after Mixed Granulation

藜麦秸秆是藜麦籽实的副产物,藜麦秸秆粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)和粗脂肪(ether extract,EE)含量较高的营养特性可以使其饲喂反刍动物,文章旨在研究合理混合比例、合理利用当地饲草资源。以藜麦秸秆与燕麦草为原料,测定藜麦秸秆及燕麦草混合物原料和加工颗粒饲料的营养成分及成型参数。即100%燕麦草(Ⅰ组)、20%藜麦秸秆+80%燕麦草(Ⅱ组)、40%藜麦秸秆+60%燕麦草(Ⅲ组)、60%藜麦秸秆+40%燕麦草(Ⅳ组)、80%藜麦秸秆+20%燕麦草(Ⅴ组)及100%藜麦秸秆(Ⅵ组)。结果表明:(1)各组原料制粒后EE显著下降(P<0.05),其中Ⅲ组制粒后颗粒EE极显著低于制粒前原料(P<0.01);各组原料制粒后颗粒中性洗涤纤维(NDF)有下降趋势,且Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组制粒后颗粒NDF显著低于制粒前原料(P<0.05);酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、淀粉有下降趋势,但无显著差异(P>0.05);Ca、P及CP在制粒前后无明显变化;(2)各组颗粒成型参数存在差异,颗粒硬度随藜麦秸秆比例升高有下降趋势,且Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组极显著高于其他组(P<0.01);颗粒密度Ⅰ组高于其他组;成型率Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组较高,且极显著高于其他组(P<0.01);含粉率Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组极显著低于其他组(P<0.01)。各混合比例经过制粒例后营养成分均有变化,40%藜麦秸秆+60%燕麦草组(Ⅲ组)密度、硬度、成型率较好。

Quinoa straw is a byproduct of quinoa seed.The high content of crude protein and crude fat of quinoa straw makes it can be fed to feed ruminant animals.Using quinoa straw and oat straw as raw materials,the nutrient composition and molding parameters of the mixture of quinoa straw and oat straw and the processed pellet feed were determined.Six treatment groups were designed as follows:100%oat hay granules(groupⅠ),20%quinoa straw+80%oat hay granules(groupⅡ),40%quinoa straw+60%oat hay granules(groupⅢ),60%quinoa straw+40%oat hay granules(groupⅣ),80%quinoa straw+20%oat hay granules(groupⅤ)and 100%quinoa straw(groupⅥ).The results showed that:(1)The raw materials EE decreased significantly after granulation in each group(P<0.05),among which the EE of the granules after granulation in groupⅢwas signifi-cantly lower than that of the raw materials beforegranulation(P<0.01);the NDF of granules aftergranulation of raw materials in each group had adownward trend,and the NDF of granules aftergranulation of groupⅡandⅢwas significantlylower than that of the pre-granulation raw materi-als(P<0.05);ADF,starch had a downward trend,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05);Ca,P and CP did not change significantly before and after granulatio.(2)The particles molding parame-ters showed a significant differences in each group,and the hardness of particles decreased with the in-crease proportion of quinoa straw,and the groupⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that in the oth-er groups(P<0.01),the particle density of groupⅠwas significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05);the molding rate of groupⅢandⅣwas higher and significantly higher than that of the othergroups(P<0.01);and the powder content of groupⅠandⅢwas significantly lower than that of the oth-er groups(P<0.01).The nutrient composition of each mixture ratio changed after granulation,and thedensity,hardness and molding rate of 40%quinoa straw+60%oat straw group were better.