体外循环术后患者心脏康复需求现状及影响因素分析

The status and influencing factors of cardiac rehabilitation information needs of patients after extracorporeal circulation

目的了解体外循环术后患者心脏康复(CR)需求及影响因素,为制定个性化的CR宣教提供参考和方向。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2021年1月至12月在解放军总医院第一医学中心心脏大血管外科住院的315例患者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、CR信息需求量表进行调查。结果315例体外循环术后患者CR需求总分(204.98±42.10)分,条目均分为(4.10±8.13)分;患者信息需求前三个维度是:药物知识、压力与心理和紧急与安全;信息需求方式主要以专业人员面对面交流为主。单因素分析显示年龄、文化程度、家庭月均收入、合并症、心功能分级和运动习惯对CR信息需求的影响有统计学差异(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示患者的年龄、文化程度和心功能分级是CR需求的影响因素。结论体外循环术后患者CR需求较高,且受年龄、文化程度和心功能分级三种因素的影响。提示医务人员应根据患者的特点给予CR宣教,进而提高其CR依从性。

Objective To investigate the cardiac rehabilitation(CR)information needs and influencing factors of patients after extracorporeal circulation,so as to provide reference and direction for the development of personalized health education strategy about cardiac rehabilitation.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,315 patients who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Beijing for major cardiovascular surgery from January to December 2021 were selected as the study population and surveyed using the general information questionnaire and the cardiac rehabilitation information needs scale.Results The total score of CR needs of 315 patients after extracorporeal circulation(ECC)was 204.98±42.10,and the mean score of the entries was 4.10±8.13;the first three di⁃mensions of CR information needs were:drug knowledge,stress and psychology,and emergency and safety;the information needs were mainly in the form of face-to-face communication with professionals.Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in the effects of age,education level,average monthly household income,comorbidities,cardiac function class and exercise habits on CR information needs(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that patients'age,literacy and cardiac functional class were influential factors for CR needs.Conclusion CR needs of patients after ECC are high and influenced by three factors including age,education level and cardiac function classification.It is suggested that medical personnel should give CR education according to the characteristics of patients,so as to improve their CR compliance.