草菇工厂化栽培优良菌株的筛选与综合评价

Screening and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Excellent Strains of Volvariella volvacea for the Industrial Cultivation

为了筛选适宜工厂化栽培的优良草菇菌株,从福建、江苏、湖北、广东等地引进草菇新菌株6个,以当地主栽菌株V9715为对照,通过考察母种、原种阶段的菌丝生长情况,测定生育期性状、农艺性状、产量及生物学效率等指标。结果表明,7个草菇菌株在生育期、菌膜厚度、菇体颜色、大小、单朵重等方面存在明显差异。其中上海3号表现商品性状优良,菌膜厚,不易开伞,耐储存,菇体深灰黑色,菇体较大,平均单朵商品菇重的特点,平均产量和平均生物学效率比对照V9715提高24.352%。V1295表现菌丝生长速度快,现蕾早,采收早的特点。草菇3号表现商品性状优良,菇体深灰黑色,菇体较大,椭圆形,产量和生物学效率较高,比对照V9715提高17.273%。综合菌丝长势、商品性状、产量等指标,漳州地区工厂化栽培适合的菌株为上海3号。

In order to screen the excellent strains of Volvariella volvacea suitable for the industrial cultivation,six new strains of Volvariella volvacea were introduced from the places such as Fujian,Jiangsu,Hubei,and Guangdong,etc.By taking the local main cultivated strain V9715 as the control group,the mycelial growth of the tested Volvariella volvacea strains on the culture medium of mother seeds and pedigree seeds was investigated,and then the indexes such as the characters during the growth period,agronomic characters,yield and biological efficiency were determined.The results showed that there were significant differences in the aspects such as the growth period,bacteria film thickness,mushroom color,size and single weight among the seven strains.Among which,Shanghai No.3 showed good commercial characters,with thick bacteria film,not easy to open,storage resistance,dark gray black and large mushroom body,and heavy average single commercial mushroom.The average yield and average biological efficiency were 24.352%higher than that of V9715.V1295 showed the characteristics of fast mycelial growth,early bud and early harvest.Volvariella volvacea No.3 showed good commercial characters.The mushroom body was dark gray black,larger and oval,and the yield and biological efficiency were higher,which was 17.273%higher than the control group V9715.Based on the indicators such as mycelial growth,commodity characters,and yield,the suitable strain for the industrial cultivation in Zhangzhou was Shanghai No.3.