餐厨沼液对农作物种子发芽和生长影响

Effect on Germination and Growth of Crop Seeds of Biogas Slurry from Kitchen Waste

餐厨沼液直接施用到农田会对植物产生一定损害。考察了餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵沼液贮存过程的理化性质变化,探究了贮存时间和稀释倍数对不同作物种子生长指标的影响,以期为沼液的农业安全应用提供数据支撑。选取小白菜、番茄、黄瓜和小麦种子作为供试植物,进一步研究不同贮存时间沼液对作物生长指标的影响。结果表明,随贮存时间的延长,沼液pH值、电导率和氨氮浓度均呈逐渐增加的趋势,与此相反,SCOD、总氮、总磷和VFAs均呈逐渐降低的趋势,而重金属含量、氨基酸、植物生长激素和腐殖质相对比较稳定。贮存时间对种子发芽率和根芽生长影响较小,小白菜、番茄和小麦种子最适芽生长的浓度为2%,而黄瓜种子最适芽生长浓度为6%,通过根芽比发现餐厨沼液对黄瓜种子根的生长抑制作用较为明显。进一步结合Spearman相关性分析发现,种子根芽生长与SCOD、总氮、VFAs呈正相关,pH值、电导率、氨氮浓度可能抑制了根和芽的生长。因此,针对餐厨沼液的贮存和回用问题,应适当处理并稀释后进行使用,可对植物的生长起到促进作用。

Direct application of kitchen biogas slurry to the farmland will cause certain damage to plants.This study investigated the physical and chemical properties of biogas slurry during the storage process for kitchen waste,and the effects of storage time and dilution ratio on seed growth indicators of different crops were explored,in order to provide data support for the agricultural safety application of biogas slurry.We further explored the effects of biogas slurry at different storage times on crop growth indexes,and selected cabbage,tomato,cucumber and wheat seeds as test plants.The results showed that pH,conductivity and ammonia concentration of biogas slurry increased,but SCOD,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and VFAs decreased in a time-dependent manner,and heavy metal content,amino acid,plant growth hormone and humus were relatively stable.Storage time had little effect on the seed germination rate and root or bud growth.The optimal bud growth concentration of cabbage,tomato and wheat seeds was 2%,while the optimal bud growth concentration of cucumber seeds was 6%,and it was found that biogas slurry was significantly inhibited the growth of cucumber seeds according to the root bud ratio.Furthermore,Spearman correlation analysis showed that root and bud growth of seeds was positively correlated with SCOD,TN,TP and VFAs,However,pH,electrical conductivity and ammonia nitrogen concentration might inhibit root and bud growth.Therefore,proper treatment and dilution of kitchen biogas slurry before use may have potential promote value for plants growth.