农村老年人新冠病毒疫苗知信行现状及接种影响因素分析

Knowledge,attitude,practice and influencing factors of COVID-9 vaccinesamong the elderly in rural areas

目的调查农村老年人对新型冠状疫苗的知行现状与接种意愿及其影响因素,为农村老年人的新型冠状病毒疫苗接种宣传与管理工作提供参考依据。方法采用简单随机抽样方法对芜湖市湾沚区农村老年人进行面对面访谈调查,对调查所得数据进行χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果回收有效问卷307份,农村老年人新冠疫苗知晓率为62.87%,愿意接种新冠疫苗的老年人占54.07%;年龄70~79岁(OR=1.745,95%CI:1.012-3.010,P=0.045)、文化程度为小学(OR=0.438,95%CI:0.224-0.858,P=0.016)是影响农村老年人对新冠疫苗知晓率的因素;文化程度为小学(OR=0.418,95%CI:0.190-0.920,P=0.030)、认为接种疫苗会占用太多时间(OR=0.109,95%CI:0.028-0.420,P=0.001)、周围没有人接种过新冠疫苗(OR=3.960,95%CI:1.870-8.390,P<0.001)、对新冠疫情了解程度一般(OR=7.947,95%CI=1.443-44.059,P=0.017)、对新冠疫情不了解(OR=7.464,95%CI=1.575-35.382,P=0.011)是影响农村老年人接种意愿的因素。结论农村老年人对疫苗的认知和接受率较低,建议扩大和加强对新冠疫苗相关知识宣传的形式和力度。

Objective To investigate the current knowledge and willingness to get COVID-19 vaccines and its influencing factors among the rural elderly,and to provide reference for the promotion and management of the CO-VID-19 vaccination among the rural elderly.Methods A simple random sampling method was used to conduct a face-to-face interview on rural elderly in Wanzhi District of Wuhu City.The data obtained from the survey were an-alyzed byχ2test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Totally 307 valid questionnaires were col-lected.The awareness rate of COVID-19 vaccines among the rural elderly was 62.87%,and 54.07%of the eld-erly were willing to getthe vaccines.Age of 70-79 years old(OR=1.745,95%CI:1.012-3.010,P=0.045)and education level of primary school(OR=0.438,95%CI:0.224-0.858,P=0.016)were the factorsaffecting the awareness rate.Elementary school education(OR=0.418,95%CI:0.190-0.920,P=0.030),the belief that vaccination will take too much time(OR=0.109,95%CI:0.028-0.420,P=0.001),no one around has been vaccinated(OR=3.960,95%CI:1.870-8.390,P<0.001),general understanding of COVID-19 epi-demic(OR=7.947,95%CI=1.443-44.059,P=0.017),and ignorance of COVID-19 epidemic(OR=7.464,95%CI=1.575-35.382,P=0.011)are the factors affecting the vaccination willingness of the rural elderly.Conclusions The awareness and acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines among the rural elderly is low.Therefore,it is recommended to strengthen the mode and force of the publicity of COVID-19 vaccines.