黄金时间内救灾物资多阶段调配问题求解

Solving the Problem of Multi-stage Distribution of Disaster Relief Materials in Prime Time

以集散点—配送点—需求点作为三级网络,构建以各需求点应急物资满足度最大、各需求点平均满足度方差最小以及成本最小为优化目标的应急物资调配模型。首先,在物资供需确定的情况下,确定物资紧急程度和黄金救援时间受灾人员的存活率比重;然后将有限的物资在车辆容量、车辆数目、装置防护时间以及装卸货时间等约束条件下,采用NSGA-Ⅱ(第二代非支配排序遗传算法)求解;最后将算例仿真结果与目标转换和线性相结合方法结果进行对比和灵敏度分析,验证算法的配送效率。实验结果表明,72 h内医疗物资整体配送率达82.4%,生活物资整体配送率达94.67%,与目标转换和线性相结合方法相比,采用NSGA-Ⅱ的整体应急物资配送效率提高7.4%,当增加车辆数目至原来一倍时可再提高9.8%;生成多个配送方案适用多种应用场景,决策者可根据受灾点情况选择不同配送方案,保护受灾群众的生命和财产安全。

Taking collection point-distribution point-demand points as a three-level network,a emergency material distribution model is constructed with the minimum emergency shortage of emergency materials at each demand point,the minimum variance of the average matching degree of the demand points at each stage,and the minimum cost.Firstly,under the condition of determining the supply and demand of materials,determine the urgency of the materials and the proportion of the prime time survival rate;then,the limited materials are subject to the constraints of vehicle capacity,number of vehicles,device protection time,loading and unloading time and other constraints,using the second-generation non-dominant is solved;finally,the result of the simulation example is compared with the result of the target conversion and linear combination method,and the sensitivity analysis is used to verify the delivery efficiency of the algorithm.The experimental results show that the overall delivery rate of medical supplies reached 82.4%within 72 hours,and living supplies reached 94.67%.Compared with the goal conversion and linear combination method,the delivery efficiency increased by 7.4%.When the number of vehicles is doubled to the original,It can also increase by 9.8%.The generated multiple distribution plans are suitable for multiple scenarios and applications.Decision makers can choose different distribution plans according to the situation of the disaster site to protect the lives and property safety of the victims.