废旧锂电池正极材料中有价金属的回收工艺研究进展

Research Progress of Recovery Process of Valuable Metals in Cathode Materials of Waste Lithium Batteries

随着新能源汽车、电子产品等产业的迅猛发展,其核心元件锂离子电池的需求量提升明显,但废旧锂离子电池带来的环境污染和资源浪费问题也日益严重。因此,对废旧锂离子电池的无害化处理和对其中稀缺的有价金属的有效回收利用已经成为国内外科研院所研究的热点及重点。本文综述了从废旧锂离子电池正极材料中提取有价金属的工艺:湿法回收工艺、火法焙烧-湿法冶金联合回收工艺、生物浸出回收工艺以及其他回收工艺。主要阐述了各种方法的原理及优缺点,指出了回收工艺的未来发展方向。

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles,electronic products and other industries,the demand for its core component lithium-ion batteries has increased significantly,but the environmental pollution and resource waste caused by waste lithium-ion batteries have become increasingly serious.Therefore,the harmless treatment of waste lithium-ion batteries and the effective recycling of the scarce valuable metals have become the hotspot and focus of research in domestic and foreign research institutes.The process of extracting valuable metals from the cathode materials of waste lithium-ion batteries is summarized:wet recovery process,fire roasting-wet metallurgy combined recovery process,biological leaching recovery process and other recovery processes.The principle,advantages and disadvantages of various methods are mainly described,and the future development direction of the recycling process is pointed out.