2016—2020年云南省德宏州流感病原学监测结果分析

Analysis of influenza surveillance in Dehong Prefecture,Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2020

【目的】了解云南省德宏州2016—2020年流行性感冒(简称“流感”)的流行状况以及流感病毒流行株构成,为当地流感防控提供参考。【方法】收集2016年1月—2020年12月德宏州的流感监测数据,采用描述性流行病学方法,对德宏州流感监测资料和病原学监测结果进行统计分析。【结果】共检测流感样病例(ILI)标本4146份,检出流感病毒核酸阳性502例(A型311份,B型191份),阳性率为12.11%。其中2017年的阳性率最高,2019年次之,而2020年最低(P<0.05)。流感高发期为秋冬季。0~4岁年龄组的阳性率最低,25~59岁组阳性率最高(P<0.001)。不同性别之间的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】自2020年1月以后,新型冠状病毒肺炎防控期间,德宏州流感阳性率有所下降。除2020年外,每年流感均呈季节性流行,以秋冬季为主;流感优势毒株交替出现,以甲型流感病毒为主。

[Objective]To perform the analysis of influenza surveillance in Dehong from 2016 to 2020 and determine the epidemic situation of influenza and prevalent virus strains,so as to provide evidence for local influenza prevention and control.[Methods]The influenza surveillance data in Dehong Prefecture was collected from January 2016 to December 2020.Statistical analysis was conducted by descriptive epidemiological methods.[Results]A total of 4146 samples from influenza-like illness cases were examined.The 502 specimens tested positive for influenza virus,including 311 cases with influenza A virus and 136 cases with influenza B virus,resulting in a positive rate of 12.11%.The positive rate was the highest in 2017,followed by 2019,and the lowest in 2020(P<0.05).It peaked in winter and fall.Furthermore,it was the lowest among children aged 0‒4 years and the highest among adults aged 25‒59(P<0.001).In addition,positive rate did not differ significantly by gender(P>0.05)[Conclusion]The positive rate of influenza has decreased in Dehong since January 2020.The influenza epidemic is seasonal,mainly in fall and winter,except 2020.Influenza A virus is predominant,compared to alternating influenza B virus.