自由贸易港背景下海南省公共卫生机构经济运行状况分析

Analysis on the Economic Operation of Public Health Institutions in Hainan under the Background of Free Trade Port

目的:分析自贸港背景下海南省公共卫生机构经济运行现状,旨在发现问题,以期为政府决策提供依据。方法:利用卫生统计年鉴和财政数据,通过财政对卫生投入基本指标、公共卫生机构筹资总额、公共卫生机构收入来源和公共卫生机构支出去向等指标对海南省公共卫生机构经济运行状况进行描述性分析和对比分析。结果:公共卫生支出占政府卫生支出比例较低,与医疗支出差距明显;各类公共卫生机构的收入和支出在2018—2019年呈同步增长趋势,基本能够维持收支平衡、略有盈余,2020年均出现小额亏损;公共卫生机构的筹资主要由政府承担,但不同类型机构的财政补助差异较大。结论:政府对于公共卫生机构投入不足,需进一步探索以公益性为导向的精准投入机制;公共卫生机构收支结构不尽合理,可探索建立以政府投入为主,多渠道、可持续的卫生筹资机制;加快建设完善适应自贸港实际需求的“海南特色”公共卫生体系。

Objective:To analyze the economic operation status of public health institutions in Hainan under the background of free trade port,in order to find problems and provide basis for government decision-making.Methods:Based on the data of health statistics yearbook and financial report,descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were conducted on the economic operation of public health institutions in Hainan Province through the basic indicators of financial investment in health,total funding of public health institutions,sources of income and expenditure direction of public health institutions.Results:The proportion of public health expenditure in government health expenditure was low,and the gap between public health expenditure and medical expenditure was obvious.The income and expenditure of all kinds of public health institutions showed a synchronous growth trend between 2018 and 2019,which basically maintained a balance of income and expenditure with a slight surplus,and showed a small loss in 2020.The financing of public health institutions was mainly undertaken by the government,but the financial subsidy varied greatly among different types of institutions.Conclusion:The government’s investment in public health institutions was insufficient,and it was necessary to further explore the precise investment oriented by public welfare.The revenue and expenditure structure of public health institutions was not reasonable.It was needed to explore the establishment of a multi-channel and sustainable health financing mechanism based on government input,accelerate the development and improvement of a public health system with Hainan characteristics that meeted the needs of the free trade port.