代际契约视域下农村老年贫困的形成机制及治理启示

Research on the formation mechanism and governance implications of rural elderly poverty from the perspective of intergenerational contract

家庭是老年贫困形成的基本场域,深入微观家庭理解老年贫困的形成机制是优化老年贫困治理的基础。基于代际契约的理论视角,通过对江县南村的实证分析指出,家庭内的代际契约是老人应对贫困风险的重要作用机制。在代际断裂、代际博弈和代际贫困辐射等客观风险的冲击下,这一作用机制有失稳定,会加剧老人的贫困风险或贫困程度。而已有的治理行为虽能有效缓解老人的经济贫困,但难以缓解老人其他维度的贫困,甚至会在过度干预家庭私领域的过程中逐渐偏离治理目标。基于此,从两方面探讨农村老年贫困治理路径,一是农村老年贫困治理基本逻辑要从以代际契约为基础向以国家契约为基础转变,二是农村老年贫困治理干预手段需从政策“赋责”向政策“赋能”转变。

Family is the basic formation field of elderly poverty,so a thorough understanding of the formation is conducive to optimizing the governance of old-age poverty.Based on the theoretical perspective of intergenerational contract and through the empirical analysis of Nan village,Jiang County,it is pointed out that the intergenerational contract within the family is an important mechanism of the elderly to deal with the risk of poverty.Under the impact of risks such as intergenerational cleavage,intergenerational game and intergenerational poverty radiation,this mechanism is unstable,which aggravates the poverty risk or poverty degree of the elderly.Although the governance can effectively alleviate the economic poverty of the elderly,it hard to alleviate other dimensions of the elderly poverty.And the governance gradually deviated from its goal in the process of over-intervention in the family.Based on the analysis,the pathes of the governance in rural elderly poverty is proposed from two aspects.Firstly,the basic logic of the governance in rural elderly poverty should be changed from intergenerational contract to national contract.Secondly,the policies of rural elderly poverty should be changed from stressing the responsibility to enabling.