女性身份认同与生育意愿——兼论受教育程度的调节效应

Female Identity and Fertility Intention: Moderating Effect of Education Level

基于2017年中国综合社会调查数据,运用Ordered Logit模型从两个维度实证研究了女性身份认同对其生育意愿的影响。研究发现:(1)女性家庭身份认同与生育意愿呈正相关关系,影响程度具有城乡异质性,家庭身份认同对城市女性的生育意愿不产生显著影响;(2)女性自我身份认同与生育意愿呈负相关关系,影响程度具有工作状况异质性,自我身份认同对无业女性的生育意愿不产生显著影响;(3)父母的受教育程度对女性家庭身份认同与生育意愿的关系起负向调节作用,女性自身受教育程度对自我身份认同与生育意愿的关系起正向调节作用。因此,需要保证农村女性的生育自主权,优化公共服务资源和生育补贴政策以缓解城市女性的生育压力;减少“过度劳动”时间,完善就业保障政策使职业女性能够充分享受家庭生活,提升无业女性的再就业能力有利于提升其婚姻稳定性,进而提升女性生育意愿。

Based on the data of 2017 China General Social Survey, the Ordered Logit model is used to empirically study the influence of female identity on fertility intention from two dimensions. The study finds that:(1) There is a positive correlation between female family identity and their fertility intention. The degree of influence is heterogeneous between urban and rural areas, and family identity does not have a significant impact on urban female fertility intention.(2) There is a negative correlation between female self-identity and their fertility intention. The degree of influence varies depending on whether or not you work, and the self-identity of unemployed female has no significant effect on their fertility intention.(3) The education level of parents has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between female family identity and fertility intention, while their own educational level has a positive moderating effect on the relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure rural women’s reproductive autonomy, optimize public service resources and fertility subsidy policies to alleviate the pressure of urban women’s fertility, reduce excessive working hours and improve employment security policies so that professional women can enjoy family life, and improve the reemployment ability of jobless women to enhance their marriage stability, so as to enhance women’s willingness to bear children.