明治末期日本对华留学生教育机构研究——基于创设背景与演进阶段的考论

A study on the education institutions for Chinese Students studying in Japan during the late Meiji period:An analysis of background and evolution of the institutions

作为近代中日交流与西学东渐的双重载体,明治末期日本对华留学生教育机构的涌现不但满足了清政府对新式人才的迫切需求,同时也加快了中国近代教育的普及速度。通过中日历史文献的梳理与分析能够发现,这些教育机构的创设与演进存在明显的区隔变化及特点。创设于发轫期的对华留学生教育机构不多,但办学特色鲜明,发展速度较快,而后随着速成教育的推广和实施,加之清政府奖励章程的出台,公费私费留日学生人数双双骤增,促使对华留学生教育机构迎来繁盛期。日俄战争结束以降,尽管赴日留学生人数大规模缩减,但毕业生质量却大幅度提升,其归国后各就要职,对中国社会的近代转型和发展贡献卓著。

As the double medium for the Sino-Japanese communication and the introduction of western learning into China,the educational institutions for Chinese students studying in Japan during the late Meiji period not only satisfied the urgent need of the Qing government for new talents but also popularized China’s modern education.These institutions,in terms of their establishment and development,underwent some significant changes with distict characteristics.The educational institutions in the initial stage were not many but developed quickly with distinctive features.The promotion and implementation of the crash program,fueled by the funding of the Qing government,brought the rapid growth in the number of the overseas students in Japan funded by either the state or the individucl,and therefore ushered in a flourishing period for the education institutions.After Japan-Russian war,the overall quality of the overseas students in Japan,despite the massive decrease in number,greatly improved and these students returning to China made remarkable contributions to the modern transformation and development of Chinese society.