中国护理人力资源城乡分布差距现状及影响因素

Current Status and Influencing Factors of the Distribution Gap Between Urban and Rural Areas of Nursing Human Resources in China

目的分析中国护理人力资源城乡分布的现状,探寻其城乡分布差距的影响因素,以期为提升区域护理服务均等化水平提供政策建议。方法使用面板数据回归分析方法,以2005—2020年中国31个省、自治区、直辖市为样本构建中国省域平衡面板数据,构建固定效应回归模型实证考察影响中国护理人力资源城乡、区域差距的因素。结果全国层面而言,我国护理人力资源城乡差距表现出先缩小再扩大的总体趋势。区域层面来看,我国东部地区护理人力资源的城乡差距水平最大,东北地区次之,中部和西部地区差距较小。在护理人力资源城乡差距的影响因素中,地区经济发达水平、城乡居民医疗保健支出、城乡居民收入有正向影响,城镇化率、政府医疗卫生支出规模、地区新型农村合作医疗普及程度有负向影响。结论中国区域层面的护理人力资源存在区域、城乡差距,各级卫生主管部门及护理管理者应综合考虑经济因素的影响,通过政策倾斜、薪酬激励、经费引导等手段合理引导护理人力资源的区域、城乡配置,以不断推动新时代中国公共卫生服务的均等化发展。

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of the distribution gap between urban and rural areas of nursing human resources in China,in order to provide policy suggestions for improving the equalization of regional health care services.Methods Using the panel data regression analysis method,31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2020 were selected as samples to construct China’s provincial balance panel data,and using the fixed effect regression model to test the influencing factors of the nursing resources gap between the urban and rural area in China.Results The distribution gap between urban and rural areas of nursing resources showed trend of narrowing first and then widening.In terms of regional distribution,the gap between urban and rural of nursing human resources in eastern China was the largest,followed by Northeast China,and the gap between central and Western China was the smallest.The regional economic development level,medical cave expenditure of urban and rural residents,income of urban and rural residents had positive influence on urban and rural structure of nursing human resources.The urbanization rate,the government health expenditure,and the implementation scope of regional new rural cooperative medical system level had negative influence.Conclusion There are regional and urban-rural structural gaps of nursing human resources in China.Government and public health departments should consider the impact of economic factors,and narrow both the urban-rural gap and the regional gaps of nursing human resources by means of expense policy,multi incentives,to equally improve the Chinese regional public health services.