论青铜器垫片的装饰化--以宝鸡茹家庄[弓鱼]国墓出土青铜器为例

On the tendency of ornamentation of the spacers used in bronze casting:An example surrounding the bronze vessels discovered at the Yu State cemetery at Rujiazhuang,Baoji City

垫片是泥范块范法所独有的工艺措施,自早商发明后应用日益普遍,还出现了滥用现象。垫片往往以铜器碎片充任,形不规则且小。但早在二里岗时期,也有铸工单铸造规矩形垫片者。西周早期还有铸工以垫片装饰器表,将垫片作为装饰的一部分。西周中期宝鸡茹家庄[弓鱼]国墓地有成批青铜器使用了特别铸造的大片且形状规则的垫片,明显具有装饰功能,是镶嵌工艺的先声。

Spacers are a special technical device used in clay piece-mold casting.Since its invention in the early Shang period,it became increasingly popular in bronze casting,leading to some abuse.Spacers often used broken debris of bronze objects,irregular in shape and small.However,as early as the Erligang period,some spacers with regular shape were cast separately and specially by the caster.By the early Western Zhou Dynasty,some casters used spacers as a way to decorate the bronze objects,or use them as parts of the decoration.A set of bronze items found at the middle Western-Zhou-Dynasty Yu State cemetery of Rujiazhuang used large-sized and regular-shaped spacers.These show a clear tendency of ornamentation function,and can be considered a precursor of the inlay technique.