日本科技外交战略评析:现实动因、历史演化及其路径选择

Japan s Science and Technology Diplomacy Strategy:Considerations,Changes and Priorities

21世纪以来,日本立足于既有的国际科技合作基础,通过积极参与全球治理实践创新、构建国际多边科技合作网络、推进高水平国际化人才培养等政策工具,逐步建立起以实现国家利益为导向的科技外交战略体系。在政策实践过程中,日本政府注重发挥科技外交“以科技促进外交”和“以外交促进科技”的功能,由此开启了科技与外交融合发展的制度化道路。本文聚焦日本科技外交战略发展的主要历程,具体分析日本科技外交战略发展的现实动因、历史演化以及路径选择。借鉴日本科技外交发展的实践经验,未来中国可以通过统筹优化科技外交的顶层设计、建构多元行为体合作实践网络、积极参与国际问题的全球治理、搭建国际科技领袖的合作网络等方式,全方位发挥科技外交的巨大作用。

Since the 21st century,taking advantage of the existing international Science and technology(S&T)cooperation,Japan has gradually established a set of strategies for S&T diplomacy conducive for the pursuit of national interests,which include participating in innovating global governance,building international multilateral cooperation in S&T,and promoting high-level training of international talents.In the process of policy implementation,the Japanese government has focused on achieving two goals,i.e.,promoting diplomacy via S&T and promoting S&T via diplomacy,which has resulted in the institutional integration of S&T and diplomacy.This study outlines how Japan s strategies evolved and analyzes the considerations and priorities behind such strategies.Inspired by Japan s strategies in S&T diplomacy,China may be able to fully harness the potential of this kind of diplomacy by optimizing its top-level design,maintaining multi-actor partnerships,contributing to global governance,and building cooperative networks among S&T leaders from different countries,etc.