边界功能视阈下俄罗斯对千岛群岛的政策调整:内涵与成效

Russia’s Policy Adjustment on Kuril Islands from the Perspective of Border Function: Implications and Effectiveness

边界具有政治、安全与经济三大功能,国家可以在邻近边界地区实施更加开放的制度、政策,提升当地经济活力,发挥其经济功能。2015年以来,俄罗斯着重发挥千岛群岛“经济功能”,启动对日经济合作,通过设立特殊制度,打造更为开放的“发展型边界”。同时,俄罗斯着力发展千岛群岛“安全功能”,加强在该区域的军事部署,维护北太平洋—北极航道安全,通过分化美日立场,削弱两国对本国安全压力;巩固俄日边界“政治功能”,主导对日经济合作进程,向日本社会传递自身坚定的主权立场。

The border has three major functions: politics, security, and economy. The country can take advantage of the difference in resource endowments between both sides of the border and implement a more open economic system in borderlands to enhance the economic vitality of frontiers and give full play to border’s economic function. Since 2015, Russia has highlighted the “economic function” of the Kuril Islands by starting economic cooperation with Japan and creating a more open “developmental boundary” through the establishment of special systems. At the same time, Russia is striving to develop the “security function” of the Kuril border. It strengthens military deployment in the region, maintains the security of the North Pacific-Arctic waterway, and divides the positions of the United States and Japan to weaken the pressure of the two countries on their own security and consolidate the borders of related islands. Russia is also consolidating the “political function” of the Kuril border and passing to Russian society its firm sovereign position by maintaining its dominant position in Russia-Japan economic cooperation.