2021年1月-2021年5月中国大陆入境人群新型冠状病毒的基因型分析

Genotype Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 from People Entering the Chinese Mainland from January to May,2021

为了解输入中国大陆的新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒,SARS-CoV-2)基因组型别和分布特征,本研究收集了采样日期在2021年1月1日至2021年5月31日间239例境外输入中国大陆的SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性人员病毒基因组序列,采用Pangolin在线分型平台(https://pangolin.cog-uk.io/)进行SARS-CoV-2基因组分析。结果显示,2021年1月1日至2021年5月31日间,中国大陆23个省份报告了SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性人员病毒序列,广东省报送的SARS-CoV-2基因组序列数最多(42.68%),其次为江苏省(12.13%)。有序列报告的病例来自5个大洲的59个国家(或地区),主要以亚洲(55.23%)和非洲(25.10%)为主,居前3位的国家为肯尼亚、菲律宾和阿联酋,均为14例。依据Pango命名法,239例感染者SARS-CoV-2基因组序列可划分为53个基因型,包括4种关切变异株(Variant of Concern,VOC):Alpha(B.1.1.7)、Beta(B.1.351)、Gamma(P.1和P.1.1)和Delta(B.1.617.2),占比分别为31.80%、14.23%、1.26%和9.62%,分别在14、8、2和6个省份监测发现。输入SARS-CoV-2的基因型以Alpha、Beta和Delta变异株为主。广东省监测发现的输入SARS-CoV-2基因型种类最多(36种),且包括4种VOC(Alpha、Beta、Gamma和Delta)和2种曾经定义的关注变异株(Epsilon和Eta)。本研究数据表明,2021年1月1日至2021年5月31日期间输入中国大陆的SARS-CoV-2基因型呈多样性,多个省份监测发现了国际流行变异株VOC,发现时间与占比与同期国际流行趋势相似,多数省份面临着较大的由输入病例引起本土疫情的风险。建议继续加强入境核酸检测阳性人员SARS-CoV-2基因组测序、感染者的隔离管控以及对重要流行变异株的研究,从而为我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的防控和免疫策略的调整提供科学依据。

To investigate the genotypes and distribution characteristics of imported severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)into the Chinese mainland,the sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from 239imported cases collected from 1 January to 31 May 2021 were genotyped by Pangolin(https://pangolin.cog-uk.io/).The genome sequences of imported SARS-CoV-2 were reported from 23 provinces of the Chinese mainland.Guangdong Province reported the most genome sequences(42.68%),followed by Jiangsu Province(12.13%).The cases of the reported sequences came from 59 countries(or regions)on five continents,mainly in Asia(55.23%)and Africa(25.10%).The top-three countries were Kenya,Philippines and the United Arab Emirates,with 14-cases each.According to the Pango nomenclature system,the SARS-CoV-2 sequences of239 imported cases could be divided into 53 genotypes,including four variants of concern(VOCs)(Alpha(B.1.1.7),Beta(B.1.351),Gamma(P.1 and P.1.1)and Delta(B.1.617.2),which accounted for 31.80%,14.23%,1.26%and 9.62%of total sequences,and were reported by 14,8,2 and 6 provinces,respectively.The main genotypes of imported SARS-CoV-2 were Alpha,Beta and Delta variants.Guangdong Province reported the largest number of genotypes(36 lineages)of imported SARS-CoV-2,and included four VOCs(Alpha,Beta,Gamma and Delta)and two previously defined variants of interest(Epsilon and Eta).Our results revealed the genotype diversity of SARS-CoV-2 imported into the Chinese mainland from 1 January to 31 May 2021.VOCs were detected in several provinces,and the time of discovery and prevalence were similar with that in the world.Most provinces were faced with a high risk of local epidemics caused by imported cases.Therefore,genomic surveillance of the imported SARS-CoV-2,the isolation and control of imported cases and research on potentially hazardous SARS-CoV-2 variants need to be strengthened,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of epidemics and adjustment of the immunization strategy in China.