论党内法规的双重属性:硬法与软法

Hard Law and Soft Law:the Dual Attributes of Inner-Party Regulations

在我国的法治进程中,党内法规受制于中国独特的政法体制,呈现出硬法与软法的双重特征。党内法规这种硬法与软法的双重属性,是对简单的“硬法”与“软法”二元划分的一种超越,形成了中国共产党的执政特色之一。基于党内法规制定的权力属性、约束力、内容等因素,党内法规具有硬法的属性;基于党内法规的创制主体、制定原则、制定标准等因素,党内法规具有软法的属性。党内法规表现出的软硬兼具的双重属性,构成了党内法规的内在运转逻辑。这种内在运转逻辑,不仅构成了我国国家治理的特色,而且塑造了中国共产党在国家治理中的权威,体现出了党内法规更强的硬法属性,客观上也支持了党内法规向国家法转化。法律界必须回应法治中国的现实需要,对党内法规的属性加以客观分析,并从“软法”转化为“硬法”的视域,分析党内法规转化为国家法律的可能性及限度。

In the process of the rule by law in China,the inner-Party regulations,subject to the unique political and legal system,possess the dual attributes of hard laws and soft laws,as is quite different from a simple binary division and becomes one of the ruling characteristics of the Party.The inner-Party regulations are hard because it is given power,restraining force and other factors in legislation.As far as the maker,principle,standard and other factors are concerned,they are soft.The dual attributes constitute the internal operation logic of inner-Party regulations.The internal operation logic has become the feature of state governance and shaped the authority of the Communist Party of China.It reflects the more distinct attribute of hard laws and objectively helps the transformation of inner-Party regulations to the state laws.Therefore,the legal circle should respond to the real needs of the rule of law in China,make objective analysis of the attributes of inner-Party laws and regulations,and explain the possibility and limits of the transformation of the soft laws to the hard laws.