马钰的道教医学内涵与传承

The connotation and inheritance of Taoist medicine by MA Yu

马钰的道教医学内涵丰富,包含了养生学、预防医学、抗衰老与长寿医学、临床医学、内源医学。马钰尊崇“我命在我”的健康长寿观,以积极姿态专注自身生命健康,折射出“以人为本”的贵生乐生的人生态度及发展观;并在以“气”为本的形神相俱的生命观指导下,倡导以精、气、神为内药,修炼从清静心性、省欲望、静坐、调息入手的以保精固精、养气行气、气满丹田、气通经脉为核心的内丹术,重视调动自身潜能以祛病延年;在天人合一观指导下,创立以手足阴阳十二经五输穴、原穴、络穴和头部神庭、百会、脑户与任、督脉穴及“担截”法为核心的融内丹术修炼之守神、守气、行气于一体的统治杂病的“天星”针刺术,促进了针刺术的发展,亦为医学研究和发展提供了新思路与方向。

The Taoist Medicine of MA Yu is rich in connotation,covering the science of health maintenance,preventive medicine,anti-aging and longevity medicine,clinical medicine and endogenous medicine.MA Yu believes the health and longevity concept of"my life is up to me"and focuses on the self care of life and health with an active attitude,which has indicated the people-oriented life attitude and outlook of development to value and enjoy life.Under the guidance of body-spirit unity based on"qi",MA Yu advocates nurturing essence,qi and spirit for internal health and practising internal Dan which starts with calming mind,suppressing desires,sitting still and adjusting breathing,and puts great emphasis on preserving essence,nourishing and activating qi,filling the dantian and soothing meridians with qi.She attaches great importance to fulfilling the self potential to eliminate disease and prolong lifespan.Guided by the heaven-man unity,MA Yu established the"tian xing(sun,moon and stars)"acupuncture,which was centered on the five Shu points in the 12 hand-foot yin-yang meridians,Shenting(GV24),Baihui(GV20),Naohu(GV17)and acupoints in Ren and Du meridians,and the method of"Danjie".Based on these,she also integrated the practice of maintaining spirit,maintaining qi,activating qi and acupuncture to manage miscellaneous diseases.Her research has promoted the development of acupuncture,providing new ideas and directions for medical research and development.