中国海上风电发展现状分析及展望

Analysis and prospect of offshore wind power development in China

海上风电是我国清洁能源和应对气候变化的重要组成部分,对于能源转型和实现碳中和具有重要意义。本文对中国风资源的分布与储量、海上风电总体概况、风机发展现状、中国沿海主要省份海上风电基础类型、水深与离岸距离等进行统计和分析,并对中国海上风电未来发展趋势进行了展望。中国海上风电机组将持续大型化,预计到2025年,中国海上风电机组单机容量将达到13~17 MW,2030年达到20 MW;半直驱技术可以同时实现风电机组“大兆瓦、小体积”的目标,将会成为未来发展的主流技术;由近浅海到深远海,由固定式基础到浮式基础将是未来海上风电发展的必然趋势。本文分析结果可为中国海上风能资源的有效利用及未来风电场选址、设计、建造提供一定参考。

Offshore wind power is an important part of China’s clean energy and resources used to cope with climate change, which is of great significance for energy transformation and carbon neutrality. This paper makes statistics and analysis on the distribution and reserves of wind resources in China, the general situation of offshore wind power, the current situation of wind turbine development, the basic types of offshore wind power in major coastal provinces in China, and the water depth and offshore distance, etc., and looks forward to the future development trend of offshore wind power in China. China’s offshore wind turbine will continue to be large-scale, and its unit capacity is expected to reach 13~17 MW by 2025 and 20 MW by 2030;Semi direct drive technology can achieve the goals of “large megawatt and small volume” of wind turbines at the same time, and will become the mainstream technology in the future development;Offshore wind power is bound to develop from shallow sea to deep sea, from fixed foundation to floating foundation in the future. The analysis results in this paper can provide some reference for the effective utilization of offshore wind energy resources and the future siting, design and construction of wind farms in China.