全球森林碳汇功能评估研究进展

Review on the evaluation of global forest carbon sink function

“森林是碳库”生动释意了森林在国家生态安全和人类经济社会可持续发展中的战略地位。森林作为陆地生态系统的主体,其固碳是实现我国“双碳”愿景的重要路径。我国经过多年生态文明建设,森林碳储量逐年增加、森林碳汇功能得到较大提升,对全球森林碳汇功能的总体升高起到了积极的作用。然而,我国国土面积大、生境类型复杂,且长久以来秉持传统的森林经营管理理念与实践,在碳排放导致的全球气候急剧变化背景下如何进一步高效提升我国森林碳汇功能,以助力实现2030年“碳达峰”和2060年“碳中和”目标,仍旧存在巨大挑战。本文以全球森林五大碳库的现状及其生物与非生物驱动因素为切入点,系统阐述森林野外调查和模型模拟等现代碳汇评估方法,着重梳理提升森林碳汇的潜在途径,以期为“双碳”目标下我国森林碳汇功能稳固持续提升提供理论参考。未来森林碳汇研究首先应着力于构建多尺度、全方位生态系统监测网络和综合评估体系;其次应构建森林全组分碳库综合分析框架,贯穿于森林碳汇的监测、评估和提升途径等各个环节,最大限度地消除全球森林碳汇强度和动态估算过程中的不确定性;最后建立可持续的林业碳金融市场,通过政策引导、建设复合型人才队伍和强化国际相关领域合作,为林业碳金融体系提质增效。

“Forest is a carbon sink”vividly explains the strategic position of forests in China’s national ecological security as well as sustainable development of human economy and society.As the primary contributor of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems,forest carbon fixation is an important path to realize China’s“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”vision.With years of ecological civilization construction in China,both the storage and the function of forest carbon sink were steady improved,contributing to global forest carbon sink remarkably.However,in relation to the vast territory,complex habitat types,and the momentum of old-school forest management and silviculture,pressing needs emerge for alternative solutions as to sinking forest carbon in a way more effective for the purpose of achieving“carbon peaking”by 2030 and“carbon neutrality”by 2060,particularly in the exacerbation of climate change.Oriented to the five forest carbon pools and their biotic and abiotic driving factors,this paper systematically explores modern carbon sink assessment methods such as forest field surveys and model simulations,and then focuses on prospective means to improve forest carbon sinks.We envisage that trending researches should firstly focus on building a multi-scale,all-round ecosystem monitoring network and system;secondly,establish a comprehensive analysis framework that incorporates monitoring and assessment for reducing the uncertainty of carbon inventory;last but not the least,establish a sustainable financial market for forestry carbon,and facilitate with policy support,forming multi-disciplinary talent teams with strengthened international cooperation to improve the quality and efficiency for the financial system of forestry carbon.