激光增材制造AlSi10Mg合金的力学性能研究进展

Recent progress on the mechanical properties of laser additive manufacturing AlSi10Mg alloy

增材制造是近几十年发展起来的一种先进金属件近净成形技术,具有低能耗、短周期、高柔性、低成本等显著优势,已成为先进装备领域的前沿制造技术之一.与传统铸造相比,增材铝合金具有相当甚至更优的力学性能.然而,相关质量评估标准缺乏和疲劳性能分散性较大等问题限制了其在重大工程装备中的应用.重点以选区激光熔化成形的Al Si10Mg合金为对象,从“制造工艺—仿真模拟—性能评价”角度,系统分析了增材制造工艺参数、建造方向和热处理制度等几个重要因素对铝合金微观结构及力学性能的影响,总结了增材热力学过程模拟与力学性能的相关仿真研究现状,重点探讨了目前增材制造铝合金力学性能评价的国内外进展,并进一步归纳了基于组分调控提升铝合金力学性能的相关研究结果,最后对其发展趋势进行了展望.

Additive manufacturing is an advanced near net forming technology for advanced metal components developed in recent decades. With the unique advantages of low energy consumption, short cycle, high flexibility and low cost, metal additive manufacturing has become one of the most advanced cutting-edge processing technologies in the field of large-scale key engineering equipment. Compared with traditional casting,the comparable or better mechanical properties are obtained for additive manufacturing aluminum alloys. However, the problems of lacking relevant quality assessment standards and the large dispersion of fatigue strength seriously limit its wide application in key metal equipment. The Al Si10Mg alloy formed by selective laser melting is focused in the present study as the model material. From the perspective viewpoint of " manufacturing process-numerical simulation-performance evaluation",the effects of several important factors such as process parameters, building orientation and heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy in additive manufacturing process are analyzed systematically. The research status of the thermodynamic process simulation of additive manufacturing and the simulation of mechanical properties is summarized. This paper focuses on the current domestic and abroad research progress in mechanical property evaluation of additive manufacturing aluminum alloy. Further, the research on improving mechanical properties of aluminum alloy based on component regulation is concluded. Finally, its development trend is prospected.