东三省传统村落时空格局特征及影响因素分析

Analysis of Spatial Pattern Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in East Three Provinces

传统村落的研究有利于传统文化资源的保护与传承,利用ArcGIS空间分析工具选取东三省55个国家级传统村落进行时空分布格局特征和多因素影响分析。结果表明:东三省传统村落在元代及以前主要分布在辽西地区,东北-西南方向分布趋势较为明显,清朝时期传统村落分布范围显著增加,扩展方向呈现出随机性,民国和建国后新增传统村落数量减少,但方向趋势更为明显;传统村落的空间分布类型呈集聚型,并且传统村落在各地市的空间分布不均衡,形成了辽宁省朝阳-锦州传统村落分布带、吉林省白山市传统村落分布区2个高集聚地域;高程、坡度、坡向、水文等自然环境因素是影响早期传统村落形成和分布的重要因素,经济发展水平较为落后的地区,由于交通可达性较差,不易受外来因素冲击,传统村落的保存较为良好,历史文化和政府政策因素在东三省国家级传统村落的形成保护过程中发挥了关键作用。

The study of traditional villages is conducive to the protection and inheritance of traditional cultural resources.Using ArcGIS spatial analysis tools,55 national-level traditional villages in the three northeastern provinces are selected for spatial and temporal distribution pattern characteristics and multi-factor impact analysis.The results showed that the traditional villages in the three provinces of Northeast China were mainly distributed in western Liaoning during the Yuan Dynasty and before,and the distribution trend in the northeast-southwest direction was obvious.During the Qing Dynasty,the distribution range of traditional villages increased significantly,and the expansion direction showed randomness.Traditions were added after the Republic of China and the founding of the People’s Republic of China.The number of villages has decreased,but the direction trend is more obvious;the spatial distribution type of traditional villages is agglomeration type,and the spatial distribution of traditional villages in various cities is uneven,forming the Chaoyang-Jinzhou traditional village distribution belt in Liaoning Province and the traditional village in Baishan City,Jilin Province.There are two high agglomeration areas in the village distribution area;natural environmental factors such as elevation,slope and aspect are important factors affecting the formation and distribution of early traditional villages.In areas with relatively backward economic development,traditional villages are well preserved,and historical and cultural factors are in the east.The three provinces played a key role in the formation of national-level traditional villages.