新型举国体制:历史演变、运行逻辑与优化路径

The New National-mobilizing System:Historical Evolution,Operational Logic and Optimization Paths

新型举国体制是基于传统举国体制的发展演变,随着经济社会发展变化而不断演化形成的。新型举国体制是在社会主义市场经济条件下,以国家安全和发展为最高目标,由中国共产党全面领导、动员和调配社会多元主体共同参与,凝聚全国各方力量以完成既定任务的体制安排,集中体现了中国特色社会主义集中力量办大事的制度优势。围绕新型举国体制,学术界主要从其理论特质、历史发展、实践价值等维度展开研究并取得丰富理论成果,为深入研究这一命题奠定了坚实的学理基础。但这些研究缺乏从历史、现实与未来相互贯通的角度来整体把握和研究新型举国体制,也缺乏从主体逻辑内在协同本身考察和透视新型举国体制内在运行逻辑。本研究从中华文明史纵深发展、中国共产党百年奋斗的维度分别系统阐述了新型举国体制的历史演变、发展变迁及其阶段特征,并基于主体视角厘清新型举国体制的现实运行逻辑,着重探讨新型举国体制的运作场域主体——政党、政府、市场、社会和公众,分别阐明现实运行的五重逻辑:政党的政治逻辑、政府的权力逻辑、市场的资本逻辑、社会的正义逻辑和公众的权利逻辑。政治逻辑强调民主与善治、权力逻辑注重控制与秩序、资本逻辑追逐利润与效率、正义逻辑促进公平与和谐、权利逻辑追求利益与尊严。基于历史演变维度和运行逻辑维度的研究基础上,在世界处于百年未有之大变局和世纪疫情叠加交织影响的宏大背景下,对新型举国体制提出了更高层次的要求,需要进而考察新型举国体制这一制度优势转化为国家治理效能的优化路径和未来进路,即亟需走出认知误区,转变思想观念;恪守根本原则,坚持党的全面领导;站稳人民立场,赓续价值目标;强化问题意识,做好统筹规划;重视制度供给,筑牢法治保障等方面持续发力,才能更好地发挥新型举国体制的制度优势,推进我国国家治理能力和治理体系现代化。

The new national-mobilizing system is based on the development and evolution of the traditional national system and continues to evolve with economic and social development and changes.Under the conditions of Socialist Market Economy,the new national-mobilizing system takes national security and development as the highest goal,is fully led by the Communist Party of China,mobilizes and deploys diverse social entities to participate in it,and gathers the forces of all parties in the country to complete the set tasks,embodies the institutional advantage of socialism with Chinese characteristics to concentrate efforts on major events.Focusing on the new national-mobilizing system,the academic circles have mainly developed from the dimensions of theoretical characteristics,historical development,and practical value,and achieved rich theoretical results,laying a solid theoretical foundation for in-depth research on this proposition.However,these studies lack the overall grasp and study of the new national-mobilizing system from the perspective of the interconnection between history,reality and the future,and also lack the inspection and perspective of the internal operation logic of the new national system from the subject logic itself.This research systematically sorts out the historical evolution,development changes and stage characteristics of the new national-mobilizing system from the dimensions of the development of civilization history and the 100-year struggle of the Chinese Communist Party,clarifies the realistic operation logic of the new national-mobilizing system from the perspective of the subject,and focuses on discussing the main subjects of the operation field of the new national-mobilizing system—political party,government,market,society and the people,and respectively expounds the five logic of the actual operation:the logic of the party politics,the logic of government power,the logic of market capital,the logic of social justice and the logic of public rights.The logic of politics emphasizes democracy and good governance;the logic of power focuses on control and order;the logic of capital pursues profit and efficiency;the logic of justice promotes fairness and harmony;and the logic of rights pursues interests and dignity.Based on the research on the dimension of historical evolution and operation logic,the world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century and the superimposed and intertwined effects of the epidemic of the century have put forward higher-level requirements for the new national-mobilizing system.Therefore,it is necessary to further investigate the optimization path and future approach for the transformation of this institutional advantage into national governance efficiency,that is,it is urgent to change ideas and get out of cognitive misunderstandings,abide by the fundamental principles and adhere to the leadership of the party,maintain the value goal,stand firm on the people's position,strengthen the awareness of problems,make overall planning,attach importance to institutional supply,and build a solid legal guarantee,etc.Only by making continuous efforts in these areas can we better leverage the advantages of the new national-mobilizing system and promote the modernization of the state governance capabilities and governance system.