云南藏族传统民居大门的类型研究

Study on the Types of the Gate of Yunnan Tibetan Traditional Dwellings

云南藏族民居大门,形制富有规律,是最能显示藏族民居特色的部位之一。通过对云南藏区的调研,归纳总结了云南藏族民居大门的形成因素,应用建筑类型学的方法对云南藏族民居大门的类型进行了提取、组合与转化,探究了大门的“原型”。结果表明,大门门檐上部门盖、门檐中部门楣、门檐下部附设、门脸及门套均有一定的类型,这些类型组合变换形成了丰富多彩的大门形式。在乡村振兴背景下,为更好留住乡村记忆,应用类型学的原理进行大门形制解读,把握其类型特征,从而进行保护和传承设计,十分具有意义。

The gate of Yunnan Tibetan dwellings is regular in terms of shape and system, which is one of the parts that can best show the characteristics of Tibetan dwellings. Through the investigation on the Yunnan Tibetan areas, this paper summarized the formation factors of the gate of Yunnan Tibetan dwellings, and extracted, reorganized and transformed the types of gate to explore its "prototype" by architectural typology method. The results show that the upper cover, middle lintel and lower part attached of gate eaves, fronts and door pocket have their own types, which constitute colorful gate forms by combination and transformation. Under the background of rural revitalization, in order to retain rural memory better, it is of great significance to apply the principle of typology to interpret the gate shape system and grasp its type characteristics, so as to carry out its protection and inheritance design.