面向“一带一路”企业技术标准合作网络演化模式——基于国别的时序变化的社会网络聚类分析

The Evolution Modes of the Enterprises’ Technology Standard Cooperation Networks for the Belt and Road Initiatives:A Cluster Analysis based on Longitudinal Social Networks in Different Belt and Road Countries

面向“一带一路”的国际合作网络广泛拓展,凸显“软联通”价值的标准互联互通项目合作网络随之渐进演化。为了从动态视角分析面向“一带一路”企业技术标准合作网络的演化过程,通过分析网络关系广度和关系强度的时序变化特征,结合层次聚类法探索国别合作网络的演化模式。研究发现:面向“一带一路”企业技术标准合作网络演化模式主要分为四种,分别是合作稳步提升模式、本地合作拓展模式、合作快速迭代模式和后续合作弱化模式。关系广度和关系强度增减趋势、变化次序是决定面向“一带一路”企业技术标准合作网络演化模式的重要条件,且各模式与中国企业参与面向“一带一路”企业技术标准合作的策略相对应。

With the extensive expansion of the "Belt and Road" international cooperation network, the interconnection of standards among countries or regions along the route is also becoming more frequent. It shows the practical process of Chinese enterprises participating in the construction of infrastructure interconnection and promoting international cooperation in production capacity and equipment manufacturing for many years. In order to analyze the evolution process of the "Belt and Road" enterprise technology standard cooperation network. From a dynamic perspective, this research adopts the social network analysis method of time series change to identify the evolution mode of Chinese enterprises in different countries or regions along the "Belt and Road" to establish the technical standard cooperation network. By collecting the technical standard cooperation project data of 52 countries with project cooperation between 2002 and 2020and the time span of more than 3 years published by the China Belt and Road Network. This research uses the technical standard project cooperation relationship of countries or regions along the "Belt and Road" to build the "Belt and Road"enterprise technology standard cooperation network.By analyzing the time-series characteristics of network relationship breadth and strength, this research combines hierarchical clustering method to explore the evolution pattern of country cooperation network. This research found that the increasing and decreasing trends and changing order of the breadth and strength of relationships are important conditions for determining the evolution model of the "Belt and Road" enterprise technology standard cooperation network.There are mainly four different modes of network evolution. The various modes correspond to the strategies of Chinese enterprises participating in the cooperation of technical standards of enterprises along the "Belt and Road”. The breadth and intensity of the technical standard cooperation network relationship in the mode of steady improvement of cooperation continued to increase. The main body of the cooperation is mainly composed of Chinese enterprises and the government of the host country. It is suitable for enterprises to participate in projects assisted or invested by China and aimed at the interconnection of facilities, so as to build a sustainable technical standard cooperation network. The local cooperation and expansion model is manifested in that the strength of the relationship leads to the increase of the breadth of the relationship. The main body of cooperation is mainly composed of Chinese enterprises, host country enterprises and standard management agencies. It is suitable for Chinese enterprises that have established trust relationships through long-term cooperation to further seek technical standards cooperation opportunities and promote technical standards to become the dominant design. The rapid iterative mode of cooperation is characterized by the rapid increase in the breadth of relationships and the diversification of participating subjects. It is suitable for cooperation between enterprises and local partners based on"one-to-one", "one-to-many", "many-to-one" and "many-to-many". Enterprises can set up a technical standard cooperation network by grouping together to go overseas, forming multinational joint ventures, and jointly investing in R&D centers.The subsequent weakening mode of cooperation shows that the breadth of the cooperation network relationship increases while the relationship strength weakens. Most of the participants are made up of "one-off" bilateral enterprises. Enterprises can choose technical standards industries with comparative advantages to carry out cooperation projects and promote Chinese enterprises’ technical standards to go global by means of knowledge transfer, investment and construction, etc.This research discusses the evolution characteristics of the enterprise technical standards cooperation network at the national level from the micro project perspective. The analysis shows that enterprises participating in the project can adjust their development strategies in the development of new projects by combining their own resource advantages and the model category of the project location. For new entrants, participation strategies can be selected according to the evolutionary model of the country in which the market is located. The interpretive analysis of specific issues of technical standards cooperation could be further studied in the future. The evolution trend of the enterprise technology standard cooperation network can be predicted and explored by building a model, so as to expand the research on the specific situation of the cooperation of the "One Belt, One Road" enterprise technology standard project.