基于水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Spring Wheat Based on Water and Fertilizer Integration

【目的】研究水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响,为新疆塔额盆地春小麦化肥减量提供理论基础。【方法】以春小麦品种宁春16号为材料,设置5个处理,其中1个空白对照A(N0P0K0)1个农户处理E(N_(240)P_(105)K_(37.5))和3个对氮肥、磷肥的减量处理B(N_(120)P_(52.5)K_(37.5))、C(N_(120)P_(105)K_(37.5))、D(N_(240)P_(52.5)K_(37.5))的田间试验,对照处理为A、农户E处理,分析在水肥一体化条件下的不同化肥减量对春小麦农艺性状、叶面积指数、产量构成、干物质积累与转运、农学效率的影响。【结果】处理C施肥量下,在开花期LAI达到7.14,显著高于对照A、E处理,花前转运量、转运率及物质转运对籽粒的贡献率在C处理达到最高,花后干物质积累量对产量的贡献率达到75.29%。处理C比其它处理提高了5%~24%;氮肥减少50%、磷肥不变C处理时产量达到最高为7964.84 kg/hm^(2),较对照显著提高,比其他减肥模式产量提高了4.52%~24.09%。【结论】小麦处理C模式下表现最优,在小麦生产过程中合理的减量施氮可以获得高产;C(N120P105K37.5)处理的化肥减量模式更适合新疆种植春小麦。

【Objective】To explore the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction on spring wheat under the condition of water and fertilizer integration and provide theoretical basis for chemical fertilizer reduction of spring wheat in Tae region.【Methods】Spring wheat variety Ningchun 16 was used as the material,and five treatments of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer reduction,A(N0P0K0),B(N_(120)P_(52.5)K_(37.5)),C(N_(120)P_(105)K_(37.5)),D(N_(240)P_(52.5)K_(37.5))and E(N_(240)P_(105)K_(37.5)),were adopted in the randomized block design,and the control group were A and E treatment.The effects of different chemical fertilizer reductions on agronomic traits,leaf area index,yield components,dry matter accumulation and transport,and agronomic efficiency of spring wheat were analyzed.【Results】The LAI of treatment C reached 7.14 at flowering stage,which was significantly higher than those of control A and E.The contribution rate of pre anthesis transport,transport rate and material transport to grain reached the highest in treatment C,and the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to yield after anthesis reached 75.29%.Treatment C_(i)ncreased by 5%~24%compared with other treatments;The highest yield was 7,964.84 kg/hm^(2) when the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 50%and the phosphorus fertilizer was unchanged,which was significantly higher than that of the control and increased by 4.52%~24.09%compared with other weight loss models.【Conclusion】The performance of treatment C was the best.In conclusion,the appropriate reduction of nitrogen application can obtain high yield in wheat production and C(N 120 P 105 K 37.5)treatment is more suitable for planting spring wheat in our region.