中国3省(直辖市)0~6岁儿童健康体检情况及其影响因素分析

Abnormal conditions detected in routine health examinations and their associates among 0-6 years children in three provinces of China

目的调查分析基于国家基本公共卫生服务项目的0~6岁儿童健康体检异常检出情况及其与儿童家庭环境、服务利用情况的关系。方法基于多阶段分层抽样方法,于2019年11—12月在我国浙江、山西、重庆3省(直辖市)抽取10个社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院进行0~6岁儿童家长问卷调查,回收有效问卷3020份。结果龋齿(5.9%,171/2919)、贫血(4.3%,126/2922)、缺钙(3.5%,101/2920)是儿童体检项目异常检出率排名前3位项目。≥3岁儿童龋齿问题更加突出。西部重庆儿童贫血(4.8%,29/605)、缺钙(4.3%,26/603)、心理行为发育偏异(1.0%,6/604)检出率最高,东部浙江以及城区儿童缺钙及睡眠问题较严重。结论我国0~6岁儿童体检结果与健康状况在不同月龄、地区以及城乡之间存在显著差异。

Objective To analyze abnormal conditions detected in routine health examinations covered by national basic public health services(BPHS)and associates of family environment and utilization of health services with the abnormal conditions among 0-6 years children.Methods Using stratified multistage random sampling and a self-designed questionnaire,we conducted an on-site survey among parents of 3020 of children aged 0-6 years at 10 community health service centers/township health centers in Zhejiang province,Shanxi province and Chongqing municipality during November–December 2019.Results Reported by the parents,according to outcomes of physical examinations under the BPHS,the abnormal conditions with top three prevalence rates among the children surveyed were caries(5.9%,171/2919),anemia(4.3%,126/2922),and calcium deficiency(3.5%,101/2920).Caries were more prominent in the children over 3 years of age.Higher prevalence rate of anemia(4.8%,29/605),calcium deficiency(4.3%,26/603),and suspected developmental delay for mental and behavioral(1.0%,6/604)were reported for the children in Chongqing municipality in western China;while higher prevalence rate of calcium deficiency and sleep problems were reported for the children in urban regions and Zhejiang province in eastern China.Conclusion There are significant age-,region-,and urban-rural-specific disparity in abnormal conditions detected in routine physical examinations covered by national BPHS among 0-6 years old children in China.