东北三省不同产区北五味子中有害重金属含量和禁用农药残留量分析研究

Analysis of harmful heavy metal contents and forbidden pesticide residues in Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.fruits from different producing areas of three provinces in the northeast of China

目的:考察来自东北三省31个不同产区北五味子中有害重金属和禁用农药的分布和残留情况。方法:应用微波消解技术处理北五味子样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法对铅、镉、砷、汞、铜5种重金属元素进行含量测定。同时采用QuEChERS法提取农药,液相色谱-质谱联用(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)法对31个产区各10批北五味子中30种禁用农药[《中国药典》(2020年版)四部通则2341农药残留量测定法中新增第五法药材及饮片(植物类)中禁用农药多残留测定法]进行检测。结果:所检测的31个产区各10批北五味子样品中均未检出30种禁用农药;5种重金属元素含量范围为,铅0.03~0.40 mg·kg^(-1);镉0.01~0.06 mg·kg^(-1);砷0.04~0.20 mg·kg^(-1);汞0.003~0.02 mg·kg^(-1);铜3~6 mg·kg^(-1)。结论:药材中5种有害重金属的含量均未超过《中国药典》(2020年版)中限定值的三分之一,不存在重金属超标现象;且所有检测药材中均未检出30种禁用农药。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and contamination of harmful heavy metals and forbidden pesticides in Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.fruits from31 different regions in northeast China.METHODS The samples were treated by microwave digestion,and the contents of 5 heavy metal elements(lead,cadmium,arsenic,mercury and copper)were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Meanwhile,QuEChERS method was used to extract pesticides,and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was used to detect 30 forbidden pesticides in 10 batches of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.fruits from each 31 producing areas according to the multi-residue determination method for forbidden pesticides in medicinal materials and decoction pieces(plants)as the appended fifth method in the determination of pesticide residues described in 2341 general principles in PartⅣof Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).RESULTS No forbidden pesticide was detected in the 10 batches of samples from each 31 different regions.The content range was 0.03-0.40 mg·kg^(-1)for lead,0.01-0.06 mg·kg^(-1)for cadmium,0.04-0.20 mg·kg^(-1)for arsenic,0.003-0.02 mg·kg^(-1)for mercury and 3~6 mg·kg^(-1)for copper.CONCLUSION The contents of 5 harmful heavy metals in the medicinal materials do not exceed one-third of the limit values in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),and there is no excessive phenomenon of heavy metal,and the 30 forbidden pesticides are not found in all the tested medicinal materials.