安徽省“十三五”时期生态环境质量变化特征

Characteristics of Eco-environmental Quality Changes in Anhui Province During the 13 th Five-Year Plan Period

在全面分析安徽省生态环境监测数据的基础上,总结了“十三五”时期安徽省生态环境质量变化特征和主要环境问题,提出相应的对策建议。结果表明:“十三五”期间,安徽省生态环境质量全面好转,2020年全省优良天数比例为82.9%,比“十二五”末上升2.0百分点。PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为39μg/m^(3),比“十二五”末下降25.0%。地表水水质由轻度污染转为良好,全面消除劣Ⅴ类断面。酸雨污染持续减轻。但全省生态环境形势依旧严峻,PM_(2.5)和O_(3)复合型污染特征越发明显,部分河流、湖库污染依然存在,巢湖富营养化问题未得到根本解决,农村地下饮用水水源地及县域地表水水质达标率较低,局部区域存在土壤污染问题,地下水以Ⅳ类水质为主。生态环境质量现状与人民对美好生态环境的需求,社会经济发展与环境承载能力之间的矛盾仍然存在。生态环境污染治理已进入攻坚期,环境质量持续改善的难度加大。

Based on the comprehensive analysis of the eco-environmental monitoring data in Anhui Province,this paper summarized the characteristics of eco-environmental quality changes and the main environmental problems during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The results showed that the eco-environmental quality of Anhui improved in an all-round way during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.The average percentage of days meeting air quality standard was 82.9%in 2020 and increased by 2.0 percentage points from the end of the 12th Five-Year Plan period.The annual average concentration of PM_(2.5)was 39μg/m^(3)in 2020 and decreased by 25.0%.Surface water quality changed from mild pollution to good and the proportion of the section worse than GradeⅤwater quality were eliminated.Acid rain pollution was reduced.However the eco-environmental situation of the province is still grim.The complex pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)became more and more obvious.The pollution of some rivers,lakes and reservoirs still existed.The eutrophication of Chaohu Lake was not fundamentally improved.The water quality compliance rates of the underground drinking water sources in rural areas and surface water in the counties were relatively low.Soil of some area was polluted.The groundwater quality was mainly GradeⅣ.There is a conflict between the current eco-environmental situation and the demand of people for better eco-environmental quality.At the same time,the conflict between the social and economic development and environmental bearing capacity still exist too.The eco-environmental pollution treatment has stepped into the critical period and it is more difficult to continuously improve the environmental quality.