广东省“十三五”期间生态环境质量状况及变化特征

Status and Variation of Eco-environmental Quality in Guangdong Province During the 13 th Five-Year Plan Period

分析了“十三五”期间广东省生态环境质量状况及变化特征,结果表明:“十三五”期间,广东省生态环境质量明显改善,2020年全省城市环境空气优良天数比例为95.5%,PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度为22μg/m^(3),重度酸雨污染城市清零,地表水水质优良比例为86.3%,近岸海域海水水质优良面积比例为89.5%,自然生态质量总体为优。与2015年相比,2020年全省城市环境空气优良天数比例上升1.0百分点,PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度下降29.0%,降水pH均值上升0.36个pH单位,酸雨频率下降12.9百分点。与2016年相比,地表水水质优良比例上升6.9百分点,重度污染比例下降8.5百分点,近岸海域海水水质优良面积比例上升9.1百分点,城市声环境总体稳定,自然生态质量稳中向好。但大气O_(3)尚未进入下降通道,个别河段仍存在重度污染,海洋生态环境管理基础较薄弱。在协同减污降碳新形势下,推动生态环境质量持续改善仍面临较大挑战。

The status and variation of eco-environmental quality in Guangdong during the 13th Five-Year Plan period were analyzed.The results showed that the eco-environmental quality had significant improvement during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.In 2020,the percentage of attainment days in Guangdong was 95.5%,and the concentration of PM_(2.5)was 22μg/m^(3).Severe acid rain pollution in cities was eliminated.The proportion of surface water meeting GradeⅠ-Ⅲstandards was 86.3%,and the area proportion of nearshore seawater meeting Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱstandards was 89.5%.The natural ecological quality was overall excellent.Compared with those in 2015,the percentage of attainment days in 2020 increased by 1.0 percentage points,and the concentration of PM_(2.5)decreased by 29.0%.The pH value of precipitation increased by 0.36 pH units,and the acid rain frequency decreased by 12.9 percentage points.Compared with those in 2016,the proportion of surface water meeting GradeⅠ-Ⅲstandards increased by 6.9 percentage points,and the proportion of inferior to GradeⅤstandard decreased by 8.5 percentage points.The area proportion of nearshore seawater meeting Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱstandards increased by 9.1 percentage points.The urban acoustic environmental quality generally remained stable.The natural ecological environment showed a slight improvement.However,the atmospheric O_(3) had not yet entered the descending channel,and a few river sections were still heavily polluted.Meanwhile,the foundation of marine ecological environmental management was relatively weak.Challenges were posed in promoting consecutive improvement on the eco-environment quality under the new situation of synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions.