河南省“十三五”期间生态环境质量变化趋势

Trends in Eco-environmental Quality in Henan Province During the 13 th Five-Year Plan Period

以2016—2020年河南省主要生态环境要素监测结果为研究对象,分析评价了河南省“十三五”期间生态环境质量状况、变化趋势和存在的主要问题等。结果表明:“十三五”期间,全省主要污染物排放总量大幅下降,生态环境质量稳中向好。与2016年相比,2020年全省环境空气优良天数比例上升6.2百分点;地表水环境质量逐渐由轻度污染变为良好状态,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例持续上升,比2016年上升22.7百分点,劣V类水质断面比例进一步下降,比2016年下降18.4百分点;降水、辐射环境质量等基本保持稳定;城市集中式饮用水源地、声环境、生态、农村环境等其他环境要素质量均有不同程度好转。但与此同时,河南省仍为全国大气污染较重的省份之一,空气质量改善幅度明显收窄;仍有部分河流污染较重或不能稳定达标,从全国范围看,Ⅰ~Ⅲ类断面比例属中下水平,水环境保护形势依然严峻。总体来看,河南省工业结构偏重、能源结构偏煤、运输结构不优等问题还未从根本上改变,区域性污染问题依然突出,生态环境质量改善还远未达到质变的效果,深入打好污染防治攻坚战仍需持续努力。

This study investigates the monitoring results of major environmental elements in Henan Province from 2016 to 2020,analyzes and evaluates environmental quality and its changes,and major environmental problems in Henan Province.The results show that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,the total discharge and emission of major pollutants in the province dropped significantly,and the environmental quality registered a stable performance with good momentum for growth.Comparing with 2016,the proportion of good and moderate air quality days in 2020 increased by 6.2 percentage points.The surface water quality has changed gradually from mild pollution to good,with the proportion of sections with Grades Ⅰ to Ⅲ water quality continuously increased 22.7 percentage points and the proportion of Grade V water quality sections decreased 18.4 percentage points further.The quality of precipitation,radiation environment,etc.remained basically stable,and the quality of other environmental elements such as urban centralized drinking water sources,acoustic environment,ecology and rural environment all improved in varying degrees.At the same time,however,Henan still remained among the provinces with worse air pollution,with significant reduction in air quality improvement.Some rivers still remained heavily polluted or unable to sustainably reach the standards,and,nationally speaking,the proportion of sections with Grades Ⅰ to Ⅲ water quality was below average,thus water environment protection is still in a tough situation.Generally,problems facing Henan such as the heavy industry bias in the industrial structure,the coal bias in the energy structure,and the inadequate transportation structure have not been fundamentally changed,regional pollution is still prominent,and the improvement in environmental quality is far from a qualitative change.Continuing efforts are still needed in the thorough battle to prevent and control pollution.