《民法典》绿色原则的司法适用:实践样态与优化路径——基于2017-2022年裁判文书的梳理与分析

Judicial Application of Green Principle in“Civil Code”:Practice Patterns and Optimization Paths——based on the Sorting and Analysis of the Judgment Documents from 2017 to 2022

作为《民法典》的基本原则,绿色原则的司法适用在定量层面上呈现出主要适用于民事案件、主要在较低级别法院适用、适用频率不断上升、合同纠纷适用多于侵权纠纷适用等特征;在定性层面上呈现出司法保护的利益形式较为丰富、当事人与法院共同援用、法院未必明示绿色原则的来源归属、存在与其他规范或理念并用的状态、存在“说理补充、单独主张与教育宣示”的效用类别等特征。分析其内容,该原则的司法适用尚有“节约资源”与“保护生态环境”有解读泛化之嫌、缺乏契合定位的说理解释、存在与其他规范或理念的协调症结、内部适用存在潜在冲突、尚未形成足够积极的适用态势等不足。改革者有必要明确绿色原则条文的应然理念、理清绿色原则司法适用的规范条件、以指导案例与专门规范促进裁判规范、以教育与实践强化绿色原则的适用互动。

As the basic principle of the"Civil Code",at the quantitative level,the judicial application of the green principle is mainly applicable to civil cases and lower-level courts,in which the frequency of application is increasing,and the application of contract disputes is more than tort disputes.There are rich forms of interests in judicial protection,the parties and the court jointly use it.And the court does not necessarily express the source of the green principle,the state of being used together with other norms or concepts,and the utility category of"reasonable supplements,independent claims and educational declarations".Analyzing its content,the judicial application of this principle has many problems.For example,it has the suspicion that"resource conservation"and"protection of the ecological environment"have generalized interpretations,lack of rational explanations that fit the positioning,the crux of coordination with other norms or concepts,potential conflicts in internal application,and not forms a sufficiently positive application situation.It is necessary for reformers to clarify the concept of the green principle,sort out the judicial application conditions,promote judicial rationalization with guiding cases and special norms,and strengthen the interaction of the principle with education and practice.