银金属氧化物触点材料电弧侵蚀退化机制研究进展

A Review of Arc Erosion and Degradation Mechanism of Silver Metal-oxide Electrical Contact Materials

本文简述了银金属氧化物触点材料的发展历程,综述回顾了典型材料在服役过程中的电弧光谱特性、表面侵蚀结构演化、材料性能参数以及电弧侵蚀退化机制等方面的研究。结果表明:电弧持续时间、材料转移(或材料质量损失)、接触电阻等特征参数是导致电接触材料失效的关键因素,对电接触材料性能退化起到了决定性作用;优化灭弧室构造、非对称性配对、掺杂改性或引入磁性相等技术手段可以降低电弧持续时间,减轻表面烧蚀程度;借助电弧光谱学、数值计算与模拟仿真等技术,构建了触点材料的失效模式,包括“蒸发-分解-熔桥-喷溅”侵蚀模式、颗粒飞溅-沉积、常量k值模型等,在此基础上归纳了触点材料的设计原理与关键影响因素,为原创性研发全面替代Ag/CdO的高性能电接触材料奠定理论与应用研究基础。

In this review,the development history of silver metal-oxide electrical contacts is briefly introduced.The arc spectroscopic characteristics,microstructure evolution,performance parameters,arc erosion and degradation mechanism of electrical contact materials in service are reviewed.The results show that arc duration,material transfer and/or mass loss,contact resistance are key factors leading to the failure of electrical contacts,which play a decisive role in its performance degradation.The arc duration can be reduced by optimizing arc-quenching chamber structure,asymmetrically-pairing,doping modification or magnetic phase.With the aid of arc spectroscopy,numerical calculation and simulation,the corresponding failure modes are constructed,including the“evaporation-decomposition-fusion-splashing”erosion,particle splashing deposition,constant k value mode.On this basis,the design principle and key influencing factors of electrical contact materials are induced,which laids the foundation to originally develop electrical contact materials with high performance instead of Ag/CdO contacts.