试论国家生物安全审查制度构建路径

Construction Path of National Biosecurity Review Mechanism

生物领域重大事项和活动的国家安全审查,是国家从源头预防和化解安全风险和隐患,统筹安全和发展的重要举措。本文在分析美国国家安全审查机制主要特征、梳理我国国家安全审查体系建设的总体要求、生物领域监管审查制度的基础上,认为“国家生物安全审查”应具有对象的多元性、事项的多维度性、功能的预防性、层次的高阶性及程序正式性、频次非常规性、策略灵活性等特征,在内容上不仅要包含外商投资审查、出口管制、人才涉外审查等“条状”审查机制,还应包括生物安全、网络数据等新兴领域“块状”的审查。本文针对国家生物安全审查制度构建路径中应注意的基本问题提出了建议。

The national security review of critical events and activities in the biological field is an important measure to coordinate security and development. On the basis of analyzing and sorting out the national security review mechanism of the United States and the characteristics of national regulation of biosafety matters, the general requirements of China’s national security review system, the national security review in related fields, and the regulatory review system for biosecurity matters, this paper analyzes the multi-level characteristics of the concept of "national biosecurity review" and reveals that the concept should include the diversity of objects, the multi-dimensionality of matters, preventiveness,high-level(national level) and formality of procedures, irregular frequency, and strategic flexibility, etc.,and propose that national security review should include both national security reviews such as foreign investment review, export control, and foreign-related talent review, as well as national security reviews in emerging fields such as biosecurity and big data. It is suggested that the four pairs of relationships,the role of national coordination mechanisms for biosecurity, and the three support points of concern should be considered in future construction of national biosecurity review mechanism.