作物种质资源学理论框架与发展战略

Theoretical Framework and Development Strategy for The Science of Crop Germplasm Resources

作物种质资源是保障全球粮食安全和绿色发展的基础资源,是农业科技原始创新与现代种业发展的物质基础。作物种质资源学是以栽培植物起源中心理论、遗传变异的同源系列定律和作物及其种质资源与人文环境及社会发展的协同演变学说为基础,依托遗传多样性、遗传完整性、遗传特异性与遗传累积性技术体系,研究作物及其野生近缘植物多样性与利用的科学,涵盖作物种质资源调查、保护、评价、研究、创新与共享服务的理论、技术、管理及其体系。本文构建了作物种质资源学理论框架,对基本概念和特征特性进行了界定,并提出了作物种质资源学的发展战略。

Crop germplasm are basic resources for global food security and sustainable development and material base for original innovation of agricultural science and technology and development of modern seed industry. The science of crop germplasm resources is a scientific discipline devoting to the research on diversity and its use of crops and their wild relatives. The three basic theories of the science include the theory of centers of origin of cultivated plants, the law of homologous series in variation and the synergistic evolution theory of crop germplasm resources and cultural environments and social development. The basic attributes of the science include genetic diversity, genetic specificity, genetic integrity and genetic accumulativeness. The science covers theories, technologies, management and systems involving in survey, conservation, evaluation, research, germplasm enhancement and sharing service of crop germplasm resources. This paper establishes the theoretical framework of the science of crop germplasm resources, defines basic concepts and attributes related, and proposes development strategies of the science, esp. in China.