黄土区重力侵蚀研究进展与展望

Study on progress and prospect of gravity erosion in loess region

重力侵蚀是黄土区重要的土壤侵蚀类型之一,具有随机性和突发性的特点,导致重力侵蚀过程监测、定量化研究及过程模拟困难,是当前黄土区土壤侵蚀研究的重点和难点。通过系统梳理重力侵蚀试验观测方法,以及重力侵蚀机理、重力侵蚀过程模拟等研究进展,指出缺乏有效的重力侵蚀过程监测系统仍然是深入开展机理研究的瓶颈,重力侵蚀过程长、短时程影响因素复杂统合关系及其发生的临界规律、重力侵蚀再分布机制和基于重力侵蚀物理机制的流域水沙耦合模拟模型等仍处于初步阶段。提出应从具有大视场、高时空分辨率的试验监测系统研发,统合不同时程影响因素进一步揭示入渗对重力侵蚀发生的控制机理,基于室内外试验探析重力侵蚀再分布机制和产沙过程不确定性机理,构建完善的基于重力侵蚀物理机制的流域水沙耦合模型等方面加强研究,以期为开展相关研究提供参考。

Gravity erosion is one of the important types of soil erosion in loess area, which has the characteristics of randomness and suddenness, leading to difficulty in monitoring, quantitative research and process simulation, and is the focus and difficulty of current research on soil erosion in loess area. By systematically sorting out the experimental observation methods of gravity erosion, as well as the research progress of gravity erosion mechanism and gravity erosion process simulation. Pointing out that the lack of an effective gravity erosion process monitoring system is still a bottleneck for in-depth mechanism research, and the complex combined relationship of long and short-range influencing factors of gravity erosion process and its critical law of occurrence, gravity erosion redistribution mechanism and water-sand coupled simulation model of watershed based on physical mechanism of gravity erosion are still at the preliminary stage. It is proposed that the research should be strengthened by the development of an experimental monitoring system with a large field of view and high spatial and temporal resolution, further revealing the control mechanism of infiltration on the occurrence of gravitational erosion by integrating different time courses influencing factors, exploring the mechanism of gravitational erosion redistribution and the uncertainty mechanism of sand production process based on indoor and outdoor experiments, and constructing a perfect water-sand coupling model based on the physical mechanism of gravitational erosion in the watershed, in order to provide reference for the relevant research.