钙基型土壤改良剂对盐碱土壤改良和向日葵产量的影响

Effects of calcium-based amendments on saline-alkali soil improvement and sunflower yield

为了实现内蒙古河套灌区盐碱土壤快速改良和构建淡化和肥沃的耕层,将脱硫石膏分别与腐植酸(改良剂GF)、糠醛渣(改良剂GH)按2∶3的质量比配制两种钙基型土壤改良剂。采用田间小区试验,以不施用改良剂为对照(CK),研究了两种改良剂不同施用量处理(15、30和45 t/hm^(2))对收获期土壤盐分离子、养分含量和向日葵产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,两种改良剂处理显著降低了0~40 cm土层的pH值和0~20 cm土层的钠吸附比,但20~40 cm土层全盐量有所增加,尤其是改良剂施用量为45 t/hm^(2)的处理。两种改良剂处理均可显著提高0~20 cm土层有机质含量,改良剂GF可提高土壤有效磷和铵态氮含量,改良剂GH可提高土壤速效钾含量。向日葵产量也得到显著提高,主要与土壤p H值、有效磷及铵态氮含量显著相关,在同等施用量条件下,改良剂GF消减土壤盐碱障碍,提高土壤养分含量的效果明显优于改良剂GH,进而获得了较高的向日葵产量。综上所述,改良剂GF施用量为15 t/hm^(2)的处理在短期内能够实现土壤盐碱土壤改良、培肥和增产的效果,可在内蒙古河套灌区及同类地区进行推广应用。

In order to achieve a rapid improvement of saline-alkali soils and build up a desalinated and fertile plough layer in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,two calcium-based amendments were prepared with flue gas desulfurization gypsum furfural residue and(amendment GF) or humic acid(amendment GH) based on the mass ratio of 2∶3.Thereafter,a field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two calcium-based amendments on soil salt cations,organic matter and nutrient issues,and seed yield of sunflower.Seven treatments were designed including no amendment control(CK),and mixed amendment GF or GH with topsoil(0 ~ 20 cm) at application rates of 15,30 and 45 t/hm^(2),respectively.Compared with CK,all the treatments applied amendment GF or GH significantly decreased the pH value and sodium adsorption ratio at the depths of 0 ~ 40 cm.However,the amendment GF or GH treated soils had higher values of total dissolved solids at the 20 ~ 40 cm depth,particularly in the treatments with an amendment of 45 t/hm^(2).In the topsoil layer,all the amendment treated soils significantly increased soil organic matter than that of CK.In addition,the treatments applied amendment GF significantly increased the concentrations of available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen,whereas the treatments applied amendment GH significantly increased the concentrations of available potassium in topsoil,respectively.Significantly higher seed yield of sunflower was harvested in the treatments applied amendments than that of CK.The difference in sunflower yield among the treatments was mainly caused by the changes of topsoil pH,available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen.In the circumstance of applying the same amount,the amendment GF treatments had less affected by saline-alkali stress and high nutrient than the amendment GH treatments,which contributes to a high sunflower yield.The above findings suggest that the application of amendment GF with a dose of 15 t/hm^(2) can achieve a shortterm effect on decreasing salinity and alkalinity,increasing soil fertility and sunflower yield,which can be widely used in the Hetao Irrigation District and other similar ecological areas.