印度莫迪政府的右翼历史观与中印边界战争新叙事的特点及影响

New Narratives of the Sino-Indian Border War and the Right-Wing Historical Perspectives of Modi Government:Characteristics and Implications

莫迪政府执政后推动对中印边境自卫反击战新叙事并表现出比历届印度政府更有野心的历史改写企图,旨在服务于印度国族再造议程。莫迪政府推进中印边界战争新叙事,从历史观上系统呈现了隐瞒和掩盖历史事实、篡改和歪曲历史、美化历史等三个主要特点,在传播手段上具备重视国际层面的虚假信息传播等特点,不仅借助与国外力量的合作来混淆国际舆论,还利用印方主导的传播虚假信息国际网络打造一个全方位、立体化的国内国际叙事体系,中印边界战争新叙事成为该网络重要的传播内容之一,形成了相关虚假信息叙事的国际和国内舆论合流与反哺。莫迪政府推出的边界战争新叙事深刻地影响了印度内政,扩大了右翼历史观在印度的影响,并引发外界对印度军队政治化的担忧。新叙事还产生了深层次的外交影响,在政府主导、社会舆论鼓吹等联合作用下,莫迪政府在较短时间内就为对华方向的冲突和对抗政策准备了基础舆论环境。新叙事操弄对抗中国的极端民族主义情绪,不仅导致莫迪政府对华政策日益僵化,还配合右翼意识形态冲击印度对外经济政策,影响更大范围的印度与其他国家的外交关系。

After taking office,the Modi government broke away from the approach taken by earlier Indian governments and initiated a bold effort to re-write history by promoting new narratives on the Sino-Indian War,with an eye towards reinvigorating the Hindu Nationalist agenda.In particular,Modi Government’s narratives regarding the Sino-Indian border War systematically takes on three key forms,which include concealing and covering up historical facts,misrepresenting and distorting history,and even idealizing history.In terms of means of spreading information,Modi government focuses especially on the dissemination of false information at the international level,both leveraging cooperation with foreign powers to obfuscate international opinion,while also exploiting its own international communications network,hence to spread misinformation to systematically re-shape domestic and international narratives.Narratives on the Sino-Indian Border War have been one focus of this communications network,and in this regard an echo chamber has emerged between international and domestic public opinion.The new narrative that Modi government has advanced regarding the border war has profoundly impacted India’s internal affairs,expanded the influence of right-wing historical narratives,and raised concerns about the politicization of the Indian Army.This new narrative has also had significant impact at the diplomatic level.In a very short period of time,the Modi government has linked up with public advocacy initiatives to shape a public opinion environment ripe for a conflictual and confrontational policy towards China.This new narrative manipulates extreme nationalist sentiments towards China,reinforcing Modi government’s policies towards China,but also supporting right-wing influence on India’s foreign economic policy and on its broader diplomatic relations.