教育公平视域下学前特殊教育政策的进路

A Probe into the Improvement of the Preschool Special Education Policy from the Perspective of Educational Equity

学前特殊教育是学前教育的重要组成部分。以人民为中心,追求与发展“公平而有质量的教育”、“更好更公平的教育”是新时代对教育公平提出的新要求。基于教育公平视角考察发现,学前特殊教育政策还存在专项法规效力层级较低、地方学前教育立法缺陷犹存、生均公用经费基本标准缺乏、师资保障政策笼统及质量监测亟待加强等问题,掣肘残疾儿童教育公平的进程。基于国情,借鉴国际相关经验,坚持系统思维与差别原则,完善学前特殊教育政策顶层设计;坚持融合理念,保障学前残疾儿童入学机会公平;明确相关标准,公平配置公共教育资源;突出师资建设,加强评估监测,推进学前特殊教育质量公平。

Preschool special education is an important part of preschool education. Adhering to the development of people-centered, "fair and quality education" or even "better and fairer education" is a new demand for educational equity in the new era. This study,from the perspective of educational equity,finds that there are still problems as to the preschool special education policy,such as the low-level legal effect of special regulations,the defects in local preschool education legislations,the lack of basic standards for public funds per student and other expenditures,the unspecific policy for the construction and development of the teaching force,and the urgent need to strengthen quality monitoring;these problems hinder the process of educational equity for children with disabilities. In conclusion,the author proposes the following:Gaining international experience based on national conditions,following the principles of systematic thinking and differentiation,and improving the top-level design of the preschool special education policy;adhering to the concept of inclusive education to ensure that preschool children with disabilities have fair access to kindergartens;clarifying relevant standards and allocating public education resources fairly;and highlighting the construction of the teaching force,and strengthening evaluation and monitoring so as to promote the equity in the quality of preschool special education.