家庭环境质量对幼儿道德敏感性发展的影响:共情的中介作用

Effect of family environment on preschool children’moral sensitivity:The mediating role of empathy

目的:了解幼儿道德敏感性的发展情况,探索家庭环境对幼儿道德敏感性的影响,为幼儿道德教育提供依据。方法:以766名3~7岁幼儿为研究对象,运用问卷法调查了幼儿道德敏感性的发展现状,并就家庭环境质量、共情对道德敏感性的作用机制通过建立结构方程模型的方式进行了探讨。结果:幼儿道德敏感性的发展速度较快,3~6岁时,不同年龄段之间存在显著差异,不同道德领域也存在显著差异;家庭环境质量、共情及道德敏感性之间两两显著正相关,共情在家庭环境质量对道德敏感性的影响中起部分中介作用(χ^(2)=18.90,df=23,χ^(2)/df=0.82,CFI=0.98,TLI=0.97,NFI=0.98,RMSEA=0.01)。结论:幼儿不同领域道德敏感性随着年龄的增长而快速提高,家庭环境质量和共情共同促进幼儿道德敏感性的发展。

Objective:To describe the development of children’s moral sensitivity,explore the influence of family environment on children’s moral sensitivity,and provide basis for children’s moral education.Methods:A sample of 766 children aged 3~7 years was investigated to describe the development status of children’moral sensitivity,explore the mechanism of family environment and empathy on moral sensitivity.Results:Children’moral sensitivity developed faster,especially when they were 3~6 years old,there were significant differences between different age groups(P<0.05);There were also significant differences in different moral fields(P<0.05);The family environment,empathy and moral sensitivity of children were positively correlated;empathy played a part of the mediating role in the influence of family environment on moral sensitivity(χ^(2)=18.90,df=23,χ^(2)/df=0.82,CFI=0.98,TLI=0.97,NFI=0.98,RMSEA=0.01).Conclusion:Children’moral sensitivity in different fields increases rapidly with age,and family environment and empathy jointly promote the development of children’s moral sensitivity.