博物馆的空间与记忆叙事对文化认同的建构与形塑——以中国太极拳博物馆为例

The Construction and Shaping of the Cultural Identity by Museum Space and Memory Narrative——Taking China Taijiquan Museum as an Example

作为我国首座国家级非物质文化遗产博物馆的中国太极拳博物馆,不仅是蕴藏文化、延续记忆的重要媒介,也对增强所属群体的文化认同具有重要作用。采用文献资料、实地调研、深度访谈等研究方法,并运用空间叙事与编码解码理论,可以深入探究中国太极拳博物馆的空间与记忆叙事对文化认同的建构与形塑。研究认为,拳阶石坊、陈王廷雕像、匾额、演武台和照壁,分别是以太极拳的“三阶五层”、历史名人、哲学理念、抽象符号和技法要义为载体的空间叙事,其形象表达了内蕴的文化内涵,有利于增强所属群体的文化认同。个体记忆叙事基于编码解码理论阐释三类参观者不同的解码过程,其对文化认同的形塑是多元化的;集体记忆叙事则以耳熟能详的武德规约、传说故事为载体,通过营造诱人回忆的氛围,有利于唤起所属群体共享的集体记忆,且个体记忆和集体记忆呈现耦合共生的逻辑关联,进而形塑文化认同。

As the first national intangible cultural heritage museum in China,ChinaTaijiquan Museum is an important medium to contain culture and extend memory,and plays an important role in enhancing the cultural identity of the group belonging to it.With the help of literature,field research and in-depth interview,and by using space narrative and encoding and decoding theory,the article explores the construction and shaping of the cultural identity by the space and memory narrative of the Chinese Taijiquan Museum.The research indicates that the quanjieshifang,Chen Wangting statue,plaques,platforms for performing Wushu(Chinese martial art),and screen walls,respectively use“three stages and five tiers”,historical celebrities,philosophical concepts,abstract symbols,and technical essence of Taijiquan(Tai Chi)as the carriers of the space narrative so as to express the cultural connotation of Taijiquan and help enhance the cultural identity of the group belonging to it.The individual memory narrative is based on the encoding and decoding theory to interpret the different decoding processes of the three types of visitors,and the shaping of the cultural identity is diversified.The collective memory narrative uses well-known Wushu morality and legendary stories as the carrier and has created an atmosphere of inviting memories,which is conducive to evoking the collective memory shared by the group.Moreover,the individual memory and collective memory present a logical connection of coupling and symbiosis,thereby shaping the cultural identity.