农村集体经济组织成员资格的司法判定路径

Judicial path for judging membership of rural collective economic organizations

根据89份农村集体经济组织成员资格司法裁判文书的统计结果可知,司法上作为民事诉讼处理还是行政诉讼处理缺乏统一的逻辑安排。通过对成员资格的案例实证和历史分析发现,应同时关注农村集体经济组织的私法和公法主体的特征,其和村委会在所有权行使上是先后替补而非并列选择关系。在成员资格纠纷受诉安排上应根据成员权利的性质,依照“政经分离”的思路分别归入行政和民事诉讼的范围;在纠纷处理的分工上,法院不应回避民事实体问题,而应与政府各司其职;在资格界定上,应确定裁判依据的层级,围绕集体与成员的关系选择资格考量因素,并坚持主体平等原则、特殊人群的特殊安排和集体经济价值优先。

This paper firstly studies thestatistics of 89 judicial opinions on the membership of rural collective economic organizations.The results show a disagreement on resorting to civil or administrative action.Based on case study and historical analysis,it finds that the subject nature ofthese organizationsinboth private law and public law shall be given due attention for their relation with village committee as to exercising right of ownership shall be complementaryrather than parallel.The arrangement of hearing the action for membership dispute shall be made in light with the nature of member’s right,and be classified into administrative and civil actions according to the principle of“separation of politics and economy”.As for the rolesin resolving dispute,the court shall not evade from hearing civil substantial issue but share responsibility with the government.About the judging of membership,it shall be madeafter considering hierarchical rules andthe relationship between collective group and its members;and it shall stick to the principle of equal protection and give priority toneedy groups and degree of collective economy.